Lesson Seventeen

Section One: News in Brief

Tapescript
1. Two of the American hostages being held in Lebanon appeared in
a videotape released today, appealing to the Reagan Administration
to work as hard for their release as it did to get Nicholas Daniloff
out of the Soviet Union. Hostage David Jacobsen: 'Don't we also
deserve the recognition, the respect and the honorable treatment by
the United States government? Don't we deserve the same attention
and protection that you gave BraniloM" Jacobsen, who works for
the' American University Hospital in B6rut, has been held for sixteen
months. Also appearing on the videotape was the -Associated Press
correspondent Terry Anderson, the first time he's been seen since his
capture eighteen months ago. Anderson and Jacobsen had said they
were also speaking on behalf of hostage Thomas Sutherland. And
they spoke of the death of William Buckley whom Islamic Jihad has
claimed to have killed. Sutherland blamed, President Reagan for
guckley's murder. 'President Reagan made his first mistake in the
hostage crisis and Buckley died. Mr. President, are you going to
make another mistake at the cost of our lives?' President Reagan to-
day defended hisefforts to gain the hostages' release. Speaking to re-
porters as he left for Camp David, Mr. Reagan said there has never
been a day that the administration has not been trying every channel.
But he said there was no comparison between the case of Nicholas
Daniloff and the hostages in Lebanon "because he was held by a
government and we don't know who's holding the hostages.'
Daniloff himself commented, on the hostages' appeal, saying his
heart goes out to them and they will not be forgotten.

2. The White Hous its view of the upcoming meeting be-
tween President R Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in
Iceland. And offici clear that the US intends to pursue a
much broade han the Soviets are proposing. NPR's Jim
Angle reports. "White House spokesman Larry Speakes emphasized
today the US does not see the Iceland meeting as a discussion
primarily about arms control. 'That issue is important to both na-
tions and the world,' he said, 'and the US will be diligent in its ef-
forts to seek common ground that could be the basis for progress in
arms talks.' Speakes emphasized, however, that the USage@dawill
be broader than:that, even though Soviet statements about the meet-
ing have focused largely on arms control. Speakes says the US will
raise all the issues as it usually does, including regional conflicts and
tensions in Afghanistan, Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and
Southeast Asia. Speakes said that the US will also raise its concern
over human rights issues. Speakes' statement on the Iceland meeting
today sought to keep expectation to its minimum. The President's
goal, he said, is that both sides gain a better understanding of each
other's position at this time and move forward toward a summit in
the United States. But Speakes said that the US will be satisfied with
the meeting if we accomplish better understanding. If no date is set
for a summit in the US, he said, that could be done later. I'm Jim
Angle at the White House.'

Tape,script
From Beirut today, the tired voices of two American hostages, a
crudely made videotape of journalist Terry Anderson and American
University employee David Jacobsen was released this morning by

o,@i-i a t,iiia@ii@'uc 'e--
iiiii-is itw@arciere(iBuci@leyin October of last year. but no conclusive
1)r(-,of c)t'liis. death has ever been found. From Beirut, the BBC's Jim
,Muir reports.
"This w,.Is the first time since he was kidnapped by gunmen in
March last year that Terry Anderson, the Beirut Bureau Chief of tl-ie
Associate(! Press, has been @een on video. He looked fit but thinner
@iiid paler than when he was abducted, He bitterly accused the
t@e,iganAdministration of ignoring the plight of the American hos-
t-,t,aes in Beirut while surrendering to the Russians over the Daniloff
"
case.
" 'How can any official justify the interest, and attention and ac-
tion given that case and the inattention given ours? Do the American
people know why we are in captivity? Why the marines and others
were killed in bombings at Beirut airport and the Embassy buildings?
Why they can't roam freely about the Middle East but are always in
danger? All this is the result of Reagan's policy, a policy against the
people of the Middle East. Our captivity is one part of the result of
this policy. William Buckley's murder and the killings of many,
many others are another part. Your lack of freedom to travel is an-
other result of that policy. We are not surprised that Mr. Reagan is
not paying attention to our case. More than four hundred Americans
have been killed in Beirut without causing him to feel any responsi-
bility or to change that policy. We are surprised that the American
government has put pressure on some of the European governments
not to negotiate in such cases as ours and has surrendered itself in
the Daniloff case, releasing a Russian spy, Zakharov, who was work-
ing against our people. We are more surprised that the American

,)co le still "',sten to what Rea&,an says. How long must we staff: ii)
,P
captivity? flow long will the American government not pay
attention?' The sai-ne message was put across strongly bv one of Mr.

Anderson's 'Cellow captives, Mr. David Jacobsen, Director of the
American (inikersity Hospital in Beirut, who was kidnapped in May

last year. He said that the conditions of the hostages were very bad
and had worsened over the past two months. But he said the worst
pain came from being ignored by his government. 'rhe Islamic Jihad
is demanding the release of a group of Moslem extremists jailed for
bomb attacks in Kuwait. But both Washington and Kuwait itself

have refused to negotiate over their release.'
Froi-n Beirut. the BBC's Jim Muir.

Section Three: Special Report

Tapescript
Embo has been a controversial leader charged with mismanag-
ing UNESCO while taking the agency in an anti-Western direction.
The Reagan Administration cited those reasons when pulling the US
out of UNESCO in 1984. Last year, the same charges were behind
Britain and Singapore's decision to withdraw. Those th-ee defections
forced UNESCO to cut its budget by thirty percent and intensified
the crisis around Embo's leadership. Jean Gerard, now US A,,nbas-
sador to Luxembourg, is the former US delegate to UNES(-'O.
Gerard recommended the US withdraw, because she felt UNESCO's
programs were moving away from international cooperation toward
confrontation.
"Take, for example, the New World Information Order, where
in their documents they say that the press should be an instrument of
the state. Now this, of course, is totally contrary to our concept of a

free press. There are i-iiore and more programs which emphasize
stat:st type of,,;olutions to problems. In education, for example, in
the t,@a,.-her-traiiiing program in Afghanistan, it's run solely by Sovi-
et teachers with a Soviet coordinator. So, in essence, we were paying
for the indoctrination of the Afghan people, which again is not my
idea ot'what an international or-aiiization ought to be doing."
"To what extent do you think Embo is responsible for the direc-
tions that you disproved of in UNESCO?"
"I think some of them, of course, were already there, but I think
they have been very much accentuated under his tenure. And instead
of taking the opportunity to reform the organization. to make it
work more efficiently and in a more unbiased way, when we gave our
notice of withdrawal. there was a great clamor that there was no cri-
sis @Li-,d initially very little need for reform aside from some cosmetic
reform, and a general resentment of the idea."
"Can you describe Embo as a leader, what his personality was
like, what his characteristics were as a leader?'
"I would say he"s certainly very dynamic. He has a great deal of
charm,, he has a very personal type of management style, and, I
think, he tended to take criticism personally. When we had discus-
sions with him about the budget, the Assistant Secretary of State and
myself in 1983, since we pointed out that his figures were very differ-
ent from the figures that we had under discussion, he then said that
the United States, in essence, was behaving in a racist manner, that
we had deep psychological problems.'
'Do you think his resignation is a sign that UNESCO wants the
United States and England back?"
@'It's not, as I understand it, a resignation. It was a statement
saying that he would not seek a third term. That does not preclude,
of course, some countries from urging him to be the candidate, and
the Executive Board nominates the candidate to the general confer-
ence.

.......

And if xo,.i call that pressure, there certainly
were several countries that indicated that they were not in favor of
his having a third term."
"Does Embo's decision to not seek a third term represent a suc-
cess for the US's decision to pull out oft@INESCO?"
@@ I wouldn't say it in those words frankly. I think it's a pity he
didn't take the opportunity to be the champion of reform. On the
other hand, that's his decision."
"What would it take for you to recommend to the United States
that this country rejoin UNESCO?"
"I think to have a good Director General, to see a serious con-
structive reform take place both in the management and in the
programs. I think that's the kind of thing that would influence many
people to take another look at it." From Luxembourg, Ambassador
Jean'Gerard, former US delegate to UNESCO.