The ancestors of American Indians, geographers say, were Asians.
这句话中geographers say是插入语,作附加说明。
Only a small canal separates Africa from Asia.
separate from 是一个习惯搭配词组。例如:
Theory should not be separated from practice. 理论不应该脱离实践。
Can you separate silk from satin? 你能区分丝绸和缎子吗?
The paper has separated from the wall. 纸从墙上脱落下来了。(这里separate用作不及物动词)
a small canal指的是the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河,它位于埃及境内的东北部,穿过苏伊士地峡,连接红海和地中海。
It is over 8,848 metres high.
这句中的it指代前一句中提到过的the peak of the Himalaya Mountains,over 8,848 metres是作high的修饰语;介词over在这里的意思是“超过、在……以上”。
This is the peak of the Himalaya Moutains.
the peak of the Himalaya Mountains指的就是珠穆朗玛峰,“珠穆朗玛”在藏语中的意思是“女神第三”,但西方人通常把这世界第一高峰称为“埃佛勒斯峰”,英文中是:Mount Everest。
1858年印度测量局在英国人的主持下,根据英国地理学家Jeodge Everest的姓氏命名了这座山峰,1952年中国政府将这座山峰正名为“珠穆朗玛峰”。
People take great pride in getting to that peak.
take pride in是一个习用短语,意思是“以……为自豪”,后面要跟名词或动名词短语,getting to that peak是一个动名词短语,get to意思是“到达”。
The world's great religions originated from Asia: Buddhism from India, Christianity from Palestine, Islam from Arabia.
世界三大宗教都发源于亚洲,并且具体说明了它们的发源地。
originated from是一个动词短语,意思是“发源于”;冒号后面的三个并列部分中,介词from前面都省略了动词originated,这样句子的意思同样清楚而又不显得累赘。
具体的宗教名称是专有名词,第一个字母要大写,不加冠词。
China, the country with the largest population in the world, is in Asia.
the country with the largest population in the world是China的同位语;介词with在这里表示“具有、带有”的意思,介词短语修饰the country.
So is an Iranian, a Palestinian, an Iraqi, a Filipino, a Singaporean.
这句话中so是代词,代替上一句中的an Asian,so用在句首起到了承上启下的作用,但这种情况下如果主语不是人称代词的话,主谓语序一般要颠倒。
The Asian Games meet every four years, sometimes with as many as 34 nations taking part.
介词with在这里用来引导伴随情况。例如:
With prices going up, I find it hard to make ends meet. 物价在不断上涨,我觉得难以维持开销了。(make ends meet是一个习用短语,意思是“使收支相抵”)
He lay in bed with his eyes open. 他睁着眼睛躺在床上。
He stood there with his hands in his pockets. 他站在那儿,两手插在口袋里。
take part是一个动词短语,意思是“参加”,take在这里用的是现在分词形式taking。
as ... as ... 结构在这里起修饰作用,修饰后面的“34 nations”。as many as意思是“多达”。例如:
He has lived there for as long as ten years. 他在那儿住了长达10年的时间。
The weather was as hot as 40℃. 气温高达摄氏40度。
There was a time when Asia led the world in civilization.
there was a time意思是“曾经有过一段时间”。when引导的句子是一个定语从句,修饰time,说明是一段什么样的时间。led是动词lead的过去式,in表示“在……方面”。
NOTES TO THE DIALOGUE
We missed you during the vacation.
miss在这里是“想念”的意思。
vacation是指一年中定期的休假。比如,“暑假”可以说:summer vacation;“寒假” winter vacation;“在度假” be on vacation。
How have you been?
熟人或朋友在隔了一段时间以后,见面时可以这样问候对方:How have you been?
如果是常见面,可以用下面这样的问候语:How are you? / How's everything with you? / How are you doing?
对于这样的问候语,回答的时候可以这样说:Fine, thanks. / Very well, thank you. / Not bad.
I did quite a bit of reading.
如果不需要特别指明读了什么东西,英语中可以说:do some reading。
We had a get-together with many old friends.
get-together (合成词)团聚、联欢会
家庭团聚 a family get-together
如果家庭成员从不同的地方回到家中团聚,可以说:have a family reunion。
And now we must get down to some good solid work.
get down to(动词短语)开始认真地对待或做事情(to是介词)。
good在此表示强调,意思是“十足地、非常地”。
good在英语中是一个意思非常灵活的词,例如:
a good investment 可靠的投资
a good reason 充足的理由
a good contract 有效的合同
good还可以和其它一些词构成口语中的常用短语,例如:
Good for you! 干得好!
It's no good. 这没用!