九变篇 NO.5:
故将有五危,必死可杀,必生可虏,忿速可侮,廉洁可辱,爱民可烦。
凡此五者,将之过也,用兵之灾也。
覆军杀将,必以五危,不可不察也。
这句啥意思:
所以,将领有五种致命的弱点:坚持死拼硬打,可能招致杀身之祸;临阵畏缩,贪生怕死,则可能被俘;性情暴躁易怒,可能受敌轻侮而失去理智;过分洁身自好,珍惜声名,可能会被羞辱引发冲动;由于爱护民众,受不了敌方的扰民行动而不能采取相应的对敌行动。
所有这五种情况,都是将领最容易有的过失,是用兵的灾难。
军队覆没,将领牺牲,必定是因为这五种危害,因此一定要认识到这五种危害的严重性。
英文这么说:
There are five dangerous faults which may affect a general:
(1) Recklessness, which leads to destruction;
(2) cowardice, which leads to capture;
(3) a hasty temper, which can be provoked by insults;
(4) a delicacy of honor which is sensitive to shame;
(5) over-solicitude for his men, which exposes him to worry and trouble.
These are the five besetting sins of a general,ruinous to the conduct of war.
When an army is overthrown and its leader slain,the cause will surely be found among these five dangerous faults. Let them be a subject of meditation.
五危
第一,不会用智谋,只知到拼命打仗的将帅,很容易被敌军诱杀。
第二,软弱无能、贪生怕死的将帅,越是怕死越是容易被消灭,这种人和有可能被俘虏;
第三,性质急躁的将帅,非常容易被激怒,一旦愤怒就会失去理智,就不会沉下心来研究谋略,这种人很容易中敌人激将的奸计;
第四,廉洁好名的将帅,喜欢以“正人君子”的姿态出现,这种人只要敌人侮辱其名,就会失去理智,就很容易中敌人的圈套;
第五,爱民如子的将帅,反而会使老百姓成为军队的拖累,大大迟缓军队的灵活性,使敌人有可乘之机。
以上五点,是将帅的过错,也是用兵的灾害。军队覆灭,将帅被杀,必定是由于这五种危险引起,是不可不引起高度重视。