评论
打印
Seven years after the 2008 melamine contamination scandal that rocked China's dairy industry, small-scale Chinese farmers are struggling to remain in the industry as they face increasing domestic and international competition. For one, there has been heavy investment by domestic dairy brands into creating their own modern dairy ranches in order to more closely control milk supply and quality. These modern ranches are behemoths, housing at least 10,000 heads of cattle and feature cutting edge technology like robotized milkingand automated systems for feed, temperature, bedding and litter. China's Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd has begun construction on its own ranches in Zhangjiakou while one of China's largest dairy firms, China Mengniu Dairy Co., has been investing in 14 modern ranches since 2013.
七年前，三氯氰胺事件震动了中国奶制品行业，由于受到国内和国外的竞争压力，许多小型农场正在生死线中挣扎。首先，国内奶制品品牌正在加大投资，其目的是要建立自己的现代农场，从而更加严格管控牛奶的供应，并保证质量。这些现代农场规模巨大，每个农场至少都有1万只奶牛，并配有先进的设备，例如自动化的挤奶、喂养系统，并能够自动调节温度、帮助房室的建造，以及垃圾处理等问题。中国石家庄君乐宝乳液有限公司已经开始在张家口建造自己的牧场，自从2013年起，中国最大的乳制品企业-蒙牛已经投资了14个现代农场。
These modern ranches are expected to phase out the small farms currently contracted with these firms, according to analyst Song Liang. Already, farmers report that dairy companies have been buying only four-fifths of their daily output since November.
分析师宋亮报告说这些现代农场很有可能会迫使那些小农场关闭。一些农民报告说自从11月起，这些乳业公司只购买了四分之五的奶产品。
China, furthermore, is one of the world's largest dairy importers, having imported 1.5 million tons in nine months of 2014, a 36.5 percent increase from 2013. With more international free-trade agreements on the way, it will become even easier for overseas suppliers to join the race. The recently concluded China-Australia Free Trade Agreement will also see the removal of all tariffs on Australian dairy products within four to eleven years, which will in turn lower the prices of imported milk products. Prices for Australian-made baby formula in China may fall to more than half their current price,as it did when tariffs were cut for New Zealand products in 2013. Many local Australian dairy producers, taking advantage of Australia's current good dairy reputation, are making moves to enter the Chinese marketdue to the pricing dominance of large supermarket chains in theirown country. In May 2014, following a deal between China and Australia to expedite China's quarantine protocols, Norco Cooperative, based in Queensland, Australia, became the firstcompany to commercially ship fresh milk directly to China.
此外，中国是世界最大的奶制品进口国之一，在2014年的9个月的时间里，中国进口了1500万吨奶制品，这比2013年增加了36.5%。随着国际自由贸易的不断发展，海外供应商加入次行列的方式变得更为简单。最近中澳两国的自由贸易协议将在未来4-11年的时间里免除澳洲奶制品关税，这也将进一步降低进口奶制品的价格。在中国，澳大利亚的进口奶粉价格将会减少一半以上，在2013年，中国降低了新西兰的奶制品关税，随之价格下降。许多澳洲当地的奶制品制造商利用了目前澳洲良好的奶制品名声进一步进入中国市场，这样做是因为澳洲的连锁超市价格一直居高不下。2014年5月，随着中澳两国签署了免疫协议，澳大利亚昆士兰的Norco公司成为了首家向中国直接运送新鲜牛奶的公司。
这一举动很有可能为当地农民造成更大的压力，特别是随着全球粮食价格的上涨，牲畜的喂养价格也将上升。目前，他们只能勉强维持，被迫杀掉奶牛来缓解损失，或者是将产品以低价卖给养猪农民，其他牛奶就直接倾倒。
For Caixin Online, this is Christina Guo.
这是克里斯提娜·郭为您带来的财新报道。
译文属可可英语原创，未经允许，不得转载。
