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The normal range for BMI is 18.5 to 24.9.
BMI的正常范围为18.5到24.9
A BMI less than 18.5 is considered underweight.
BMI低于18.5，则体重偏轻
And this can have many implication on the mother
这将会对母亲和胎儿产生很多影响
and fetus as discussed later.
之后会详述这一点
A BMI 25 and 30 is overweight.
BMI介于25和30之间是超重
And higher than 30 is considered obese.
高于30则是肥胖
Weight gain should be gradual and accumulate
增重是个缓慢的过程
throughout the nine months of pregnancy.
应当在9个月的孕期内逐渐增加
In the first trimester, between one to four pounds should be gained.
早期妊娠阶段，体重应当增加1到4磅
During the second and third trimester,
在中期和晚期妊娠阶段
two to four pounds per month should be gained,
每个月体重应当增加2到4磅
with the most weight gained
体重的增加量应当
during the last three months.
在最后三个月达到最大
Health care professionals advise against
卫生保健人员建议不要
losing weight during pregnancy
在孕期减肥
even if obese at the start of pregnancy.
即使在一怀孕时就属于肥胖
Again, a minimum of 15 pounds is required
而且应当至少增重15磅
to provide the support of the baby.
为胎儿提供营养
Steady weight gain is more important
稳定地增加体重更加重要
in the second and third trimesters
特别是在中期和晚期妊娠阶段
and often is reflected in the weight of the baby.
通常反映在胎儿的重量上
This can mean gaining three to four pounds
也就是说应当每月增加3到4磅的体重
which is about 1.4 to 1.8 kilograms
大概就是1.4到1.8千克
a month until delivery.
一直依此增重直到生产
It is often not possible to be at the ideal weight
通常很难在怀孕前
before becoming pregnant.
达到理想体重
However, if you are planning on becoming pregnant
但是如果计划怀孕
and are not at an ideal weight, it is important
而且体重也不是很理想的话
to start seeking help
应当提早开始寻求帮助
from a health care professional early
从卫生保健人员那里获取建议
so that you can have a healthier pregnancy.
这样才能健康地怀孕
Some associated risks have been found
一些相关的风险已经被检查出来了
between pre-pregnancy BMI and birth outcomes.
这些风险通常发生在怀孕前至生产这一阶段
Underweight women have complications
体重偏轻的女性会出现以下一些问题
such as an increased risk of preterm delivery,
例如早产
low birth weight, iron deficiency anemia,
出生的胎儿体重过轻，缺铁性贫血
and other nutritional deficiencies
以及其他一些营养不足的问题
associated with an inadequate diet.
这主要是由膳食营养不足引起的
For overweight women, some risks
对体重偏重的女性而言，会面临以下风险
include gestational diabetes,
包括妊娠期糖尿病
gestational hypertension, which is high blood pressure,
妊娠期高血压
Caesarian delivery, birth defects
剖腹产，胎儿先天性畸形
such as neural tube defects and even fetal death,
例如神经管缺损，甚至胎死等
postpartum effects include hemorrhaging,
产后影响包括大出血
wound infection or increased time of wound repair,
伤口感染或者伤口不易愈合
and depression.
以及产后忧郁症等
If a women is obese during pregnancy,
如果妇女在孕期变得肥胖
it also raises the chance her child will be obese later in life.
这也会提高婴儿日后肥胖的风险
There are many misconceptions
人们存在很多误解
about caloric needs during pregnancy.
不清楚孕期对热量的需要
During early pregnancy, the energy requirements
怀孕初期，能量需求量
are not different from pre-pregnancy needs.
与怀孕前是不一样的
Typically, pregnant women require
怀孕的妇女需要
between 2,200 to 2,900 calories a day.
每天摄入2200到2900卡路里热量
This amount is sufficient for the additional needs
这一数量足够满足
of the developing fetus.
胎儿发育所需的额外热量
A modest increase in calorie needs occurs
需要将热量需求略微提高一般是在
during the second and third trimester of pregnancy.
中期和晚期妊娠阶段
During the second trimester, there should be
中期妊娠阶段时
an increase of about 340 kcal per day
应当每天增加大概340卡热量
and during the third trimester there should be
在晚期妊娠阶段
an increase of 452 kcal per day.
应当每天增加452卡热量
These are very minor increases in caloric intake.
这些热量的摄入量都是很小的
