评论
打印
King cotton required slave labor and plenty of it.
棉花王国需要大量的奴隶劳力
Even though southerners such as Washington,
尽管华盛顿
Jefferson and Madison were slave owners
杰弗逊和麦迪逊等南方人都是奴隶主
they had hoped the institution would die.
他们都希望这种制度凋零
They were replaced though by leaders like
尽管他们被
John C. Calhoun who resigned from
约翰.C.卡尔豪等领导人替代
the Vice Presidency in 1832 because he could do
卡尔豪于1832年辞去副总统职位，因为
the south more good as Senator from North Carolina.
他作为北卡罗来纳州的参议员更能为南方取得利益
Southern leaders fought hard for what they saw
南方领袖为
as the southern life style.
他们所认定的南方生活方式奋力抗争
States had to be added in pairs;
新入的州必须是成对的
one free state with one slave state. Indiana,
一个自由州加一个奴隶州，印第安纳州
1816 entered the Union with Mississippi, 1817.
1816年加入联邦，而密西西比州1817年加入
Illinois, 1818 entered with Alabama, 1819.
伊利诺斯州1818年加入，亚拉巴马州1819年
This arrangement became law
这种安排
with the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
随同1820年密苏里协定成为法律
Maine entered in 1820 as a free state accompanied
缅因州1820年以自由州身份加入
by, in 1821, by Missouri as a slave state.
与其一并的是密苏里州1821年以奴隶州身份加入
In the final three pairs the slave state preceded
最后三对中，奴隶州加入的时间早于自由州
the free state. Arkansas in 1836 and Michigan in 1837,
阿堪萨斯州1836年，密歇根州1837年
Florida and Texas in 1845 followed by Iowa in 1846
佛罗里达州和德克萨斯州1845年，紧接是
and Wisconsin in 1848.
爱荷华州1846年，威斯康辛州1848年
North and south. By 1850 prosperity abounded in
北方和南方，到1850年的
New England and the Middle Atlantic where
新英格兰和中大西洋地区繁荣发展
manufacturing, trade and banking drove the economy.
它们的生产，贸易和银行业驱动着经济发展
Thanks to the industrial revolution factories produced
由于工业革命，工厂生产的财产
far more for their owners even if the workers
远超过其所有者所需的
who did the producing may or may not
尽管负责生产的工人
have benefited much from it.
不确定能从中受益
Thanks to America's world power status and
由于美国的世界强国地位
friendship with Britain, American ships traded
和其与英国的友谊，美国商船
all around the world serving not only American
在全球各地进行贸易，其商品不只服务美国市场
markets although these were certainly important
尽管这些肯定很重要
but the international market too. Yet the more
他们也为国际市场服务
industry thrived the more class differences grew.
更多的产业兴起，更多的阶级差别产生
Individual craftsmen found it harder and harder
个体工匠发现
to compete with the factories and were not
与工厂竞争越来越难
happy with the waves of immigrants willing
他们不满不断涌入的移民
to do menial factory work. The industrialists for
去做卑微的工厂工作
their part believed not without reason that
工厂家没道理不相信
they were the ones risking their capitol and
他们以其资金为风险
they were personally entitled to all the benefits
他们个人有权享有
they could extract from their factories.
能从工厂中得到的各种福利
To the south agriculture drove the economy;
对于南方而言，农业驱动经济
tobacco, rice sugar and especially, again, cotton.
烟草，大米，糖，尤其是棉花
Thanks to the industrial revolution the world
由于工业革命
had acquired an enormous appetite for cotton.
世界对棉花的需求巨大
And the United States produced more than 80%
美国生产了
of the world's cotton supply. Yet cotton was a
80%的世界棉花供给
very labor intensive crop which meant that
然而棉花是种劳动密集型产业
human slavery remained crucial to the southern economy.
这意味着奴隶制对南方经济而言至关重要
Individual small farmers could still survive
个体小农仍能存活
if they worked very hard but most moved west
如果他们十分努力地工作
in search of better farmland. Moreover cotton
但他们大多西进以寻找更好的农田，而且
was very hard on the soil. And the planters knew
棉花种植对土地要求很苛刻，种植者知道
that if the southern economy was to survive,
如果南方经济要存活
or much less expand, slavery would have to
更不用说扩张，奴隶主将必须
expand into the western territories.
拓展进西部领域
The admission of Texas into the United States was
德克萨斯州并入美国
a major boost to slave holding interests.
对于奴隶持有利益而言是个巨大推动
