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But finally, some cities and some peoples like the Samnites, didn't get much of anything at all,
但是最后，一些城市和人，例如萨谟奈人什么都没得到
merely the right to pay Roman taxes,
只有交税的义务
and to provide soldiers for the Roman's wars.
以及在罗马打仗时提供士兵
This category of cities often remained
这一类城市通常都在
under the control of the traditional local elites with,
当地精英的控制下
of course, a certain amount of Roman supervision.
当然，罗马也进行一定监督
This greatly pleased the local elites, who became Romanized pretty quickly.
这一点大大取悦了当地精英他们很快就被罗马同化了
It didn't so much please the local plebeians or proletarians.
但是当地的平民就没有那么高兴了
From time to time, some forward thinking Roman politician would come up with
罗马政治家会不时提出一些超前的想法
some sort of plan for creating some kind of common Roman citizenship,
机会者创立普通公民的公民身份
and having it go throughout Italy.
并在全意大利实行
But ideas of this sort tended to get very dangerous to the men who had them.
但是这种想法对提出看法的人非常危险
Under the Roman client-patron system,
在罗马主从制度下
any city receiving full Roman citizenship in this way would automatically become the client
任何这样获得完整罗马公民权的人当回自动成为
of whichever Roman politician had gotten citizenship for them.
给予他们公民权的政治家的救济对象
Such an individual power of course,
这样，个人权利
would fly in the face of the mos maiorum.
将会站在传统的对面
Eventually, the Romans preferred to fight the bloody
最终，罗马人更喜欢
and stupid social war of 91 to 88 BC,
公元前91到88年的血腥愚蠢战争
rather than grant citizenship to all Italy.
而不是在全意大利推行公民权
Only the prospect of the war in the east made the Romans give in. But that is another story.
只有攻防的战争景象让罗马人屈服但这是另一个故事了
Segment 7e: Conclusions.
7e 结论
One, Dad's the boss.
第一，爸爸是老板
Roman society is the Roman family writ large.
罗马社会中常见的家庭
Pater familias, patria potestas, patricians, patres Jupiter;
家父拥有家父权贵族，元老，朱庇特
the base part, meaning father is present in the name and/or title of each of Rome's most important authority figures.
这是基础，意思是父亲以罗马最重要，最有权威的人的名义，对家庭成员拥有绝对权力
Even though the Romans were proudly democratic after 509 BC or when they really did, whenever they really did kick out the last king,
尽管公元509年之后或者驱逐了最后一位国王以后罗马实行民主制
their society was based on a nuclear family, a base family, in which the father exercised absolute power, including that of life or death.
社会的基础的核心家庭基本家庭，在家里父亲有绝对的权力，包括生死
The republic's annual elections and collegial magistracies were designed to make one-man rule impossible.
罗马共和国每年选举以及行政长官这样就杜绝了一人统治的可能性
The tensions between democracy and patriarchy were too strong to go away, and they too wound up rising up to defeat Rome in the end.
民主和父权制的冲突非常激烈，无法消除最后导致了罗马最后的失败
Two, One people, one religion.
二，一个民族有一个宗教
For all of its silliness and lack of what we would consider spiritual content,
尽管存在种种缺陷以及精神内涵
the Roman state religion still helped bring the Roman people together.
罗马国教依然帮助团结罗马民众
In the first place, worship of the old-timey agricultural gods and household gods like the Lares and Penates, or dear or Sterculius, the poop god, never stopped.
首先对旧时农业神和家神的崇拜例如拉瑞斯和珀那忒斯或者粪神斯忒耳枯利乌斯，对他们的崇拜从未停止
Assimilation of Roman deities such as Jupiter,
罗马神灵被同化，例如朱庇特
Juno and Mars with Greek deities such as Zeus, Hera and Ares actually added to the awe and respect factor of the Roman state religion.
朱诺和马尔斯和宙斯，赫拉，阿瑞斯同化这增加了对罗马国教的敬畏和尊敬
The Romans could also believe that their religion gained vitality by literally absorbing the gods,
罗马人相信他们的宗教通过在数年的征战中
goddesses and religious cults of the cities it conquered over the years.
吸纳别地的神和宗教崇拜而获得活力
