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Aspartame is an artificial sweetener and primary sweetener in nutrasweet and equal.
阿斯巴甜是一种人工甜味剂，是一种基本的甜味剂
This chemical is a 160 to 200 times sweeter than sucrose.
它的甜度比蔗糖强160-200倍
As a dipeptide aspartame is a small protein like molecule.
作为一种缩二氨酸，阿斯巴甜是一种类似分子的蛋白
But the products in Aspartame is considered non nutritive.
但是阿斯巴甜产品通常被认为是没有营养的，
When digested it is converted to 4 calories per gram
在消化后，其能量含量为每克4卡路里，
but since it is sweeter than sugar, much less is used.
但是由于它比糖更甜，其添加量要更小
In one packet of equal there are four calories
一个相等量中含有4卡路里能量
but equal can claim 0 calories
但是可以声称是0卡路里，
because the FDA considers any product that has less than 5 calories per serving to be calorie free.
因为FDA认定，任何含有5卡路里以下的产品都是不含卡路里的产品，
Aspartame is generally shelf stable
阿斯巴甜一般能够贮存很长时间，
but is easily decomposed when heated which causes loss of sweetening power.
但是一经加热其糖分就会迅速流失，造成分解
The effect can be reduced by following the cooking methods recommended by the manufacturers.
通过遵循食品制造商建议的烹饪方法可以减少糖分的挥发
Aspartame is considered one of the most thoroughly tested food additives approved by the food and drug administration.
阿斯巴甜被认为是食品药品监督管局批准的，检验最为全面的食品添加剂
In 1996 Aspartame was approved as a general use sweetener by the FDA.
1996年阿斯巴甜被FDA确认为常用的甜味剂
Saccharin is the primary sweetener in Sweet and Low.
糖精是最常见的甜味剂
The chemical is 300 times sweeter than sucrose.
它比蔗糖甜300倍
Saccharin provides no food and energy
糖精既不能充饥，又不能提供能量
therefore it is considered non nutritive.
因此是没有营养的
This product is shelf stable but also having limited degregation when applied to heat.
这种产品可以储存很长时间，但是遇热也会变质，
Saccharin is very inexpensive which has caused increase in its use.
糖精价格低廉，因此其应用十分广泛
The FDA approved it as a food additive in foods and beverages, table top substitutes and gum.
根据FDA的批准，糖精可以作为食品饮料，桌面替代品和口香糖中的食品添加剂
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener and the primary sweetener in Splena and Altern.
蔗糖素是一种人工甜味剂是Splena和Altern品牌中
This chemical is 600 times sweeter than sucrose.
最常见的甜味剂，它比蔗糖甜600倍
Even though Sucralose is a disaccharide or a sugar
尽管蔗糖素是一种双糖
it is poorly absorbed so its considered non nutritive.
但由于其难以消化，因此被认为没有营养
Succralose has a good shelf life and is heat stable in cooking and baking.
蔗糖素可以长期储存，在烹饪过程中的耐热性也极好
In 1998 the FDA approved it for use as a tabletop sweetener,
1998年FDA批准蔗糖素用于菜肴调味，
for use in deserts, confections and non alcoholic beverages.
比如甜点，甜食以及非酒精类饮料
And in 1999 it was approved as a general purpose sweetener.
1999年，它又被批准为通用甜味剂
Before we begin discussing the relationships between these products and cancer think about this question.
在我们开始讨论这些产品与癌症之间的关系前，我们来思考一个问题
From your personal experience what are negative consequences that are associated with sugars and sweeteners.
就你的个人经验而言，糖和甜味剂会对身体造成哪些不良影响
For example, what have you heard through the media or people you know?
你在媒体上获悉的或者从他人处听到的有哪些?
