Segment nine E: Conclusions.
第九节 E 结论
One. With The Necessary Changes Having Been
第一,已经发生的是必要的改变吗?
Made.?Part of the Roman genius included knowing,
一部分的罗马天才至少大部分时间
at least most of the time, when to deviate from
明白什么时候
the good old mos maiorum. The Roman's openness
不按照祖制的办
to adopting Hellenism shows the Romans at their very best. As it turned out, the Romans did not
罗马对于采取古希腊文化的态度最好得表现了罗马人
really become morally weakened by exposure to Greek arts, sciences, or social customs.
结果是罗马人并没有因为接触希腊艺术,科学或者习俗而变得精神脆弱
The Romans' close study of the Ancient Greeks'
罗马人对于古希腊语言和文学的仔细研究
language and literature was an essential step to developing Latin literature and Latin drama.
是发展拉丁文学和拉丁戏剧的必要步骤
Greek medicine was a massive improvement over its Roman counterpart, and as it turned out, even
希腊医药对于罗马是巨大的改进
Greek philosophy had something to offer the
结果是甚至希腊哲学家都对罗马哲学家
aphilosophical Romans. Even the old-school Romans,
有所帮助,甚至是罗马的老学派
like Cato the Censor, delete of Carthage,
例如加图和迦太基??
who complained bitterly about Hellenism,
他们都苦苦地抱怨古希腊文化
learned quite a bit from the Greeks. Two.
但从希腊人那里学到很多
Meet the New Boss.?Thanks to the Sexto-Licinian
第二,新老大? 多亏了公元前367年的
laws of three sixty seven BC, plebeians could be Sexto-Licinian
法律,平民可以
elected to the office of consul. Other changes
竞选成为执政官
resulted from the Conflict of the Orders.
其它改变来自对于命令的冲突
The patrician class had been replaced in influence by
贵族阶级被取代
a new, quote, unquote, noble class, which included plebeian based families, that is to say, wealthy
受到"新的"贵族阶级的影响其包括平民家庭
plebeian based families. The major qualifications
或者说有钱的平民家庭
were membership in the senatorial class,
主要的条件是成为元老院阶级的一员
which you got by being elected consul and
而这的前提是当选为执政官
having an ancestor who had held a consulship.
以及有先人曾当过执政官
The road was also open to men not born in Rome to
这条成为贵族的路对于
become part of the nobility, but this was rare.
不是出生在罗马的人也敞开,但成功案例很少
In practice, only three non-Senatorial men of any note reached consulship in the history of
实际上,在罗马共和国的历史上只有三个不是元老院的人
the Roman Republic, Cato the Elder, we've met him
成为了执政官,他们是老家图,我们已经
already, Marius, and Cicero. However,
看到过他了,马吕斯和西塞罗
even Senators from non-noble families were men
但是甚至来自非贵族家庭的元老在成为
of influence during the years that they actually held their magistracies.
地方执政官的时候也很有影响力
Three. Diversity.?Once they got over the Conflict of the Orders, the Romans were surprisingly well
第三,多样性? 罗马人一旦摆脱了对命令的冲突,他们令人惊讶地致力于使人们
committed to letting people advance socially and
在社会和政治上进步
politically.This applied not only tothe new noble class
这不仅适用于新贵族阶级
The senatorial class was composed of all descendants of former magistrates, but in principle restricted to
元老院阶级由以前的地方执政官的后代组成但是至少在官方上
those who, at least officially, stayed out of
原则上受限于那些
business life in order to play a role in the Senate.
远离商业生活想要在元老院谋得一职的人
The equestrian class passed up a direct role in public
骑士阶级为了专注于他们的商业利益
life in order to focus on their business interests.
放弃了在公共生活中直接扮演一角色的机会
They could, if they wanted, move up into the
如果他们愿意他们可以进入
senatorial class but didn't always do so.
元老院阶级,但他们不总是愿意这样
The equestrian class was also a stepping stone for Italian born citizens and other non-Roman
骑士阶级也是在意大利出生或者其它非罗马人进入
born citizens to move into political life.
政治生活的进阶石
During the Principate, when this commitment to diversity was expanded to include the provinces,
在这种元首制中,当致力于多样性的奴隶扩展到各个省份
Rome was able to draw upon the brightest and
罗马就能够从整个帝国
most promising people of the entire Empire.
挖掘到最聪明最有前途的人