评论
打印
But all of these numbers we think are potentially achievable numbers
但3克这个数字，我们认为是较现实的
If we were to work through public health efforts to lower salt
通过公共健康活动，减少这么多是可能的
So this is what it would look like if we were able to achieve this
这是假设成功减少3克盐后的结果
This is the number of fewer heart attacks each year because of this drop in salt
这是每年心脏病发作率随盐摄取量减少的情况
On the left-hand side of the screen, you're looking at non-blacks in the US
左边是美国的非黑人
and then on the right-hand side, you're looking at blacks
右边是黑人
We separate this out because blacks have more hypertension and may be more salt sensitive
这样分是因为黑人有更多高血压，对盐更敏感
and so they have greater reductions
黑人的减幅也更大
Blacks, about 20% reductions in the annual rates of heart attack
每年心脏病发作率减少约20%
But you see even among non-blacks
不过就算是非黑人
these reductions no matter what age we're talking about are at least 10% in both men and women
不论年龄段和性别都有至少10%的减少
So really quite striking, substantial reductions in annual heart attack rates
这在每年心脏病发作率方面，是非常显著的减少
Because of the change of half a teaspoon a day in salt
这里我们只是，每天减少了半茶匙盐
We look next at stroke, how many strokes could be avoided if we made this change?
下面看中风，减少这么多盐后，能避免多少中风
Here what's striking is you see the benefits are far greater in women than in men
很明显，这对女性的好处要大于男性
And this is because stroke is a particular risk for women. Women are particular risk for stroke
因为女性中风的风险更大
And blood pressure is probably the single most important contributor to stroke risk
而血压是中风最重要的危险因素
And so when we think about interventions to reduce blood pressure
减少血压的措施
We're going to always benefit women more when we think about reducing stroke risk
总能让女性更受益，减少其中风风险
And that's what you see here that women have a greater benefit
这里就是这种情况女性受益更大
In the older ages almost 10% reduction in stroke rates in non-black women
较老年龄的非黑人女性，降低了约10%
and about 15% in black women
而黑人女性降低约15%
Let's look at the changes in deaths
再看死亡
This is the number of deaths that would be avoided each year
这是减少3克盐摄取量后
Because of this change in dietary salt intake
每年能减少的死亡数量情况
Here again you see that every group benefits
每类人群受益仍然都很明显
And the benefits are the greatest at the youngest age groups the 35- to 64-year-old groups
特别是较年轻的35到64岁年龄组
They have, the younger, the greatest benefit because these are the ages when other risk factors are not that high
较年轻者受益大是因为较年轻者其它死亡危险因素不高
When the cholesterol has not yet become very high
此时胆固醇还没有到很高
People probably don't have diabetes yet
此时人们也许也没有糖尿病
And the only thing they may have are some slightly elevated blood pressures
唯一比较危险的是提高的血压
And so if we can do things to modify risk in this group
所以，如果能降低这方面的风险
we're actually talking about lowering rates of disease in a younger population
就已经能够减少这类较年轻者的患病率
in both men and women
男性和女性都是如此
How does reducing salt compare to other things that we think are important
盐摄取量减少同其它重要举措对比，效果如何呢
Like reducing smoking?
比如减少吸烟
Here we compared several different public health interventions
这里是同几种公共健康干预的对比
The first lowering salt by half a teaspoon a day, 3 g per day
最左侧是每天减少半茶匙3克的盐摄取量
The second we compare this hypothetical intervention where we cut the numbers of smokers in the US by half
第二个也是假设干预行为，即美国吸烟者人数减半
And we cut the number of people who are exposed to secondhand smoke by half
吸二手烟的人数也同时减半
And then we had other interventions that we compared as well
后面还有其它干预措施
