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In fact, the division of Russ into smaller, appanage principalities made the nation both weaker and less centralized.
俄罗斯分裂成更小的封地，公国使国家既虚弱又不集中。
Making it comparatively easy pickings.
使它更容易成为侵略的目标。
The only Russian principality to maintain any democratic traditions was again Great Novgorod.
俄罗斯的公国保持了一些民主的传统就是大诺夫哥罗德。
Which eventually fell to Ivan The Third of Moscow in 1478.
最终伊凡三世1478年即位。
Ivon the terrible summoned Russia's first or national counsel in 1549.
在1549年，伊凡雷帝建立了重臣会议或者委员会。
But it was primarily just to approve the plans he had already made.
最开始只是通过他制定的计划。
In 1613, the national board was called again but it selected Michael Romanov to be Tsar.
1613年，再次组织国民议会，米哈伊尔罗曼诺夫当选成为沙皇。
A valid choice but still when push came to shove they chose autocracy.
这是有效的选择，但当要摆脱困境时，他们会选择独裁。
Three, the Orthodox Church.
第三，东正教堂。
The myth of Russia's conversion to Orthodoxy in 988 AD contains the fact that Church and State began together and that they grew together.
俄罗斯的神话在988年转化成正教——教堂和国家开始结合。
Although the pagan way survived among the peasantry for 3 or 4 centuries.
尽管异教徒在农民中存在了三，四个世纪了。
The Orthodox Church played an enormous role in the Russian Empire's growth.
东正教在俄罗斯帝国的成长过程中发挥了巨大的作用。
For one thing it brought literacy along with it and a link to the culture of the Byzantine Empire.
一方面他带来了文明和加强拜占庭文化的联系。
Unlike Western Europeans who worshipped in Latin whether they understood Latin or not.
和西欧国家不同，崇拜拉丁语无论他们懂不懂。
Russians worshiped in Old Church Slavonic an older variant of Russian which everybody understood.
俄罗斯人敬畏古教会斯拉夫语，是每个人都可以明白的俄语的一种古老的变形。
