动名词与现在分词在句中用法的区别

动词的-ing形式按功能区分，可分为动名词和现在分词。在分析英文句子和进行英语考试辨析时，比较容易混淆这两者。为了便于理解,现从动名词和分词在句中的用法上区分动词的-ing形式何时为动名词，何时为现在分词以至更好的把握两者的重要用法。

动名词可以用作主语，现在分词不可以

（1）动名词用作主语
Reading French is easier than speaking it.
阅读法文比讲法语容易。
Sailing a boat is great fun.
驾驶帆船很有意思。
Talking mends no holes.
谚语:空谈无济于事。
（2）有时可用先行词it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面去：
（a）It's hopeless arguing about it.
争辩这事没有用。
It was pleasant and comfortable sitting there.
坐在那里惬意舒服。
（b）It is a wonder meeting you here.
在这里碰到你真是奇迹。
It is no use asking me, I don't know any more than you do.
问我没用，我知道的不比你多。
（3）“There is + no”后可以用动名词做主语，表示“设法……”
There was no knowing what he could do.
他能做什么很难说。
There was no mistaking in his intention.
他的意图不可能看错。

动名词在句中作宾语，现在分词不可以

（1）动名词可以在许多动词之后作宾语
He admitted taking the money.
他承认钱是他拿的
Do you enjoy teaching?
你喜欢教书吗？
I couldn't help laughing.
我禁不住笑了起来。
（2）许多成语动词或者介词之后也可以用动名词作宾语
They will put off doing it until next year.
他们将推迟到明年再做此事。
Prices keep on increasing.
物价不断上涨。
She waved to me and went on sketching.
她向我挥挥手，又接着画素描。
（3）在be worth后也可跟动名词作宾语
His suggestion is worth considering.
他的建议值得考虑。
It's worth making an effort.
这值得做一番努力。

现在分词在句中可用作状语，动名词不可以

（1）现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看可以用作状语。
现在分词用作状语表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
听到这消息，他们都高兴得跳起来了。（表时间）
Being a student, he was naturally interested in museums.
由于他是学生，他自然对博物馆很感兴趣。（表原因）
If traveling north, you must change at Leeds.
如果是向北走，你得在利兹换车。（表条件）
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管他们了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。（表让步）
Her husband died in 1960, leaving her with 5 children.
她丈夫死于1960年，给她留下了五个孩子。（表结果）
He stood leaning against the wall.
他靠墙站着。（表方式或伴随情况）
（2）独立结构。有时现在分词可以有自己的逻辑主语，称之为独立结构。
The day being fine, we decided to go swimming.
由于天气晴朗，我们决定去游泳。
There being ice on the road, I told the driver to slow down.
路上有冰，我让司机开慢点。