Thirdly, it can be very boring listening to something being read aloud. Anyway some of your audience may have read your paper carefully and will not thank you for having to go through all of it again.

Therefore, what you must do is follow the following 9 points. 1. Decide on a time limit for your talk. Tell your audience what it is, stick to your time limit, this is very important.

2. Write out your spoken presentation in the way that you intend to say it. This means that you must do some of the work of writing the paper again. In a sense, you may think this is a waste of time, but it isn't. If a speaker tries to make a summary of his paper while he is standing in front of his audience, the results are usually disastrous.

3. Concentrate only on the main points, ignore details. Hammer home the essence of your argument. If necessary, find ways of making your basic points so that your audience will be clear about what they are.

4. Try to make your spoken presentation lively and interesting. This does not necessarily mean telling jokes and anecdotes. But if you can think of interesting or amusing examples to illustrate your argument, use them.

5. If you are not used to speaking in public, write out everything you have to say, including examples, etc. Rehearse what you are going to say until you are word perfect.