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On January 15th 1891 the Sioux formally surrendered to the United States formally ending Indian resistance in North America.
1891年1月15日，美洲土著人正式向美利坚合众国投降，结束了北美印第安人的抵抗
From that time on Indians who wanted even a semblance of their tribal life were forced to live on reservations established on lands that nobody wanted.
那时起哪怕是只想过上类似于部落生活的印第安人也会被迫住到没有人想待着的印第安人特居地
The nation continued to grow, immigrates from East and West kept pouring into America,
美国继续发展壮大，来自东部和西部的移民蜂拥而入美国
the transcontinental rail roads which sprang up after the Civil War expedited the settling of the American frontier.
内战后横贯美国大陆的铁路如雨后春笋般铺筑，扩张了美国的边界
The Homestead Act of 1862 which awarded 40 acres of unclaimed government land to anyone willing to build a house on the land and live there for 5 years made farming affordable.
1862年的《宅地法》规定将40公顷无人认领的政府土地奖给任何愿意再这块地上建造房屋并且定居五年的人，这就让农业普及开来
Of course there was the matter of getting the Indians off the land which as we have seen which was handled in the usual shameful manner.
当然在这之前他们要先把土地上的印第安人赶走，正如我们之前讲到的，他们采取了非常可耻的手段
According to the frontier theory of the Wisconsin historian Frederic Jackson Turner,
根据威斯康辛州历史学家弗雷德里克·杰克逊·特纳的边疆理论
Americans moved further westward with each generation and became more American in the process.
美国人每向西扩张一代人就在这个过程中变得更美国化
The farther from the East coast the Americans moved the more democratic they became according to Turner,
特纳说，美国人离东海岸越远，他们就变得越民主
dropping quaint European customs as official churches and aristocratic social circles.
丢弃了古怪的欧洲风俗，比如那些官方教堂和贵族社交圈
