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The Cambridge-Somerville study — 5 year intervention that ultimately led to negative change,
剑桥-萨默维尔研究表明——五年的干预，最终导致消极改变
whether there's more alcoholism among the people who did go through that intervention with bright in the best.
即使有最好的心理学家，心理治疗师，社工和各种计划进行干预
Psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, programs.
实验人群中还是有更多人酗酒
So we know change is hard, whether it's on the individual level or on the society level.
我们知道改变很难，不论是个人还是社会层面
However, we also know the change is possible.
然而我们也知道改变是可能的
We know that many of the people who argue that change is not possible are making the error of the average,
我们知道很多人争辩说改变是不可能的，他们犯了普遍性的错误
looking at the average score as opposed to outlayers, as opposed to people who have introduced change.
只看平均分而不看例外情况，不看那些实现改变的人
And when we study change, it's the exception that proves the rule
当我们研究改变时，是例外证明了改变是可能的
So if change is possible and some people have been able to change whether it's through therapy, whether it's by reading a book,
如果改变是可能的，有些人实现了改变或者是通过治疗，读一本书
whether it's being a part of the class, whether it's through conversation,
参加学习或者是通过交谈
sometimes it's a single sentence that makes a difference to their entire life, they are the exceptions.
有时只需要一句话就能改变他们的整个人生，他们是例外
But the questions are no longer whether or not change is possible. The question is "how is change possible".
但问题不再是改变是否可能，问题是"如何才能实现改变"
And this is the question we are going to address in much greater depth on a higher level of the spiral in these lectures.
这个问题我们将在讲座中，更深入在更高层次上讲
What does change look like? Let's go micro here.
改变是什么样的？我们从微观上说
Let's go to the brain level. How does change actually look like? What happens in our brain when change occurs?
去到大脑的层面，改变到底是什么模样的？改变发生时，我们的大脑有什么变化
