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And this is a form of learning called active learning,
这是一种学习形式叫做主动学习，
and really promoted by a very early paper, in 1972, by Craik and Lockhart, where they said and discovered that learning and retention
早期文件显示，这种学习方法在1972年经由克雷克和洛克哈特推行而兴起他们提出并发现学习和持久记忆
really relates strongly to the depth of mental processing.
与大脑加工知识过程的深度大有关系
Students learn much better when they are interacting with the material. The second idea is self-pacing.
如果他们结合这些学习资料，学生会学得更好。第二个观点是自定步调学习。
Now, when I went to a lecture hall, and if you were like me, by the fifth minute I would lose the professor.
我一旦进入讲堂，如果你是像我一样，五分钟内就会跟不上这位教授。
I wasn't all that smart, and I would be scrambling, taking notes,
我不太聪明，我会焦急地记着笔记，
and then I would lose the lecture for the rest of the hour.
然后余下的时间就跟不上了。
Instead, wouldn't it be nice with online technologies, we offer videos and interactive engagements to students?
相反，在线教学技术不是很好吗？我们为学生提供视频和互动式参与。
They can hit the pause button. They can rewind the professor.
他们可以按暂停按钮。可以回放课程。
Heck, they can even mute the professor. So this form of self-pacing can be very helpful to learning.
他们甚至可以消音。这种自定步调的学习形式非常有助于学习。
The third idea that we have is instant feedback. With instant feedback, the computer grades exercises.
第三个观点是即时反馈。有了即时反馈，计算机可以为练习评分。
I mean, how else do you teach 150,000 students? Your computer is grading all the exercises.
不然，你要怎么教十五万学生？您的计算机会对所有练习打分。
And we've all submitted homeworks, and your grades come back two weeks later, you've forgotten all about it.
我们都曾提交过作业，你的成绩会在两周后反馈，回来那时你已经忘了作业内容。
I don't think I've still received some of my homeworks from my undergraduate days. Some are never graded.
我认为我不会再收到一些本科时期的作业。一些永远不会评分的作业。
So with instant feedback, students can try to apply answers.
有这样的即时反馈，学生可以试着填上答案。
If they get it wrong, they can get instant feedback.
如果做错了，他们可以获得即时反馈。
They can try it again and try it again, and this really becomes much more engaging. They get the instant feedback,
他们可以一次又一次地尝试，这个过程更加迷人。他们得到的即时反馈，
and this little green check mark that you see here is becoming somewhat of a cult symbol at edX.
就是你看到的这个小小的绿色复选标记，它成了edX上令人痴迷的符号。
