评论
打印
This is me driving in what I think is one of the most bizarre places in the world.
这是我在我认为堪称全世界最怪异之一的地方开车。
I just crossed over from Israel into the West Bank.
我刚从以色列进入约旦河西岸。
If you look at a map of where I am right now,
如果你看我现在所在的这个地方的地图，
you will see a jumbled mess of of Palestinian towns and villages which were shown here in green, and Israeli settlements, which are in blue.
你会看到这是一个由巴勒斯坦村镇，也即绿色的这些部分，和以色列定居点，也即蓝色的部分，构成的这么一个地方。
Many people think of this territory as Palestine.
很多人都觉得这块领土属于巴勒斯坦。
But of the 3 million people living out here, almost twenty percent of them are Jewish Israeli citizens.
但就生活在这里的300万人而言，他们中间有将近20%的人都是以色列犹太公民。
The Israelis living out here are called settlers.
居住在这里的以色列人被称为“定居者”。
They live in the West Bank, but are citizens of Israel.
他们住在约旦河西岸，身份却是以色列公民。
As I drive, I'm looking at effectively two different nations, woven into each other through decades of conflict.
一路上，我看到的实际上是两个不同的国家，历经了几十年的冲突，结果却逐渐交织到了一起的故事。
I visited 15 settlements all over the West Bank,
我走访了约旦河西岸的15个定居点，
talking to the people who have decided to pack up and move out to the middle of this disputed land.
对话那些曾经下定决心，搬到了这片颇具争议的土地上的人们。
We'll meet them in coming videos.
我们将在接下来的视频中与他们一一见面。
But first I want to take a look at the maps that help explain how the West Bank got to looking like this.
但首先，我想先看一幅能够帮助解释约旦河西岸为什么会变成今天这副模样的地图。
So let's go back to 1948, when the map looked a lot different.
故事还要从1948年说起，当时的地图和现在大不一样。
Back then, all this land was controlled by Great Britain.
当时，所有这片土地都是英国控制着的。
And due to growing tension between Jews and Arabs,
由于犹太人和阿拉伯人之间的关系日益紧张，
the UN worked with the Britain to split the land into two states,
联合国便和与英国一起，把这片土地分成了两个国家，
one for Jews, Israel, and another one for Arabs, Palestine.
一个是分给犹太人的以色列，一个是分给阿拉伯人的巴勒斯坦。
The Jews accepted the plan and declared independence as "State of Israel".
犹太人接受了这个方案，宣布独立为“以色列国”。
But the Arab states in the region saw this plan as just more European colonialism.
但该地区的阿拉伯国家觉得这个方案只不过是欧洲殖民主义的新花样。
They didn't accept the plan and instead declared war on Israel.
他们拒绝接受这个方案，取而代之的是向以色列宣战。
Israel won the war, pushing well past the borders of the UN plan.
结果，以色列反倒打赢了，还将自己的边界划到了远超联合国方案里划定的地方。
During the peace negotiations, a ceasefire line was drawn in green ink.
和平谈判期间，双方用绿笔划了一条停火线。
It became known as the green line.
于是，这条线便被称之为了“绿线”。
It wasn't necessarily a border, it was just a ceasefire line,
这条线倒也算不上严格的边界，只能说是一条停火线，
with this being the state of Israel, and this section being controlled by Jordan,
停火线这边是以色列，而这个地区则由约旦控制，
who had taken control of it during the war.
因为他们通过那场战争控制了这个地区。
The Jordanians named this newly-seized land the West Bank because it was West of the Jordan River.
约旦人将这块新占领的土地命名为“约旦河西岸”，因为它正好位于约旦河的西边。
The fragile ceasefire remained until 1967 when Israel fought another war with its Arab neighbors.
脆弱的停火协议只维持到了1967年，这一年，以色列与周边的阿拉伯邻国又打起来了。
Israel wasn't looking to take over land in this war,
这一次，以色列并没有打算夺取哪片土地，
but In just six days of fighting,
然而，就在短短六天的战斗中，
it blew past the Green Line and seized a whole swath of land, including the entire West Bank.
它就越过了绿线，夺取了一大片土地，包括整个约旦河西岸地区。
Suddenly Israel had a decision to make:
突然，一个决定摆在了以色列的面前：
do they make the West Bank a part of Israel and give the 1.1 million Arabs living there Israeli citizenship and voting rights?
是把约旦河西岸列入以色列领土范围，并赋予居住在当地的110万阿拉伯人以色列公民身份和投票权，
Do they give the land back to their enemy Jordan or else let the people create their own Palestinian state?
还是把这片土地还给敌人约旦？又或者，让居住在这片土地上的人民自己成立一个“巴勒斯坦国”？
This became a major debate in Israeli politics.
这一问题也激起了以色列政坛的激烈辩论。
Many Israelis saw this war they just won not only as a military victory,
对许多以色列人而言，他们刚刚赢得的并不仅仅是一场军事胜利，
but a religious sign that the Jews were meant to return to the the place where a huge amount of Jewish ancient history happened,
更有着宗教意义，标志着犹太人注定要回到（约旦河西岸）这片土地，因为这里有着悠久的犹太史，
the hills of ancient Judea and Samaria, which was basically the entire West Bank.
有古代的朱迪亚和撒马利亚的山丘，这些山丘几乎就占了整个约旦河西岸地区。
So while the government was debating what to do,
于是，就在政府还在讨论要怎么办的时候，
Israeli civilians began moving into the West Bank without any permission from the government.
以色列平民已经开始往约旦河西岸搬了，虽然没有得到政府的任何许可。
They just starting setting up homes, establishing a Jewish presence in this region.
他们直接就开始开辟家园，在这个地区为犹太人占据了一席之地。
Suddenly, any debate about what to do with the West Bank had to take into account the growing number of Israeli civilians that were living there.
突然之间，任何有关如何处理约旦河西岸问题的辩论都不得不把生活在那里的越来越多的以色列平民考虑进来了。
But the rest of the world did not approve of this.
问题是，国际社会并不赞同他们这么做。
As the settler presence grew,
随着定居人数的增加，
the UN issued a resolution saying that the settlements had “...no legal validity
联合国发布了一项决议，称这些定居行动“……没有法律效力，
and constitute a serious obstruction to achieving a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East.”
且严重阻碍了中东实现全面、公正和持久的和平”。
They were basically saying the settler activity was totally illegal.
基本就等于说那些以色列人的定居活动完全是非法的。
Two different narratives emerged here:
这时出现了两种不同的说法：
One said that Jewish civilians were moving onto mostly empty plots of land
一种说法是犹太平民落脚的地方基本都是空地，
that they had captured in a war and that had deep historical and spiritual significance to them.
都是他们在战争中占领的，对他们有着重大的历史和精神意义的地方。
The other side, which is the side most of the world took,
另一种说法，同时也是外界的主流看法是
said that these settlers were colonizing land to expand their nation.
这些定居者是在殖民，是在扩大他们本国的领土。
In spite of international condemnation, the number of settlers in the West Bank grew.
尽管受到了国际社会的谴责，西岸的定居者数量依然在继续增多。
Over the next few decades,
接下来的几十年，
more and more factions of the Israeli government began to support the settler movement,
以色列政府内越来越多的派系开始支持定居运动，
allocating public resources and granting permits for building.
给他们分配公共资源，还给他们发放建筑许可。
The Israeli housing ministry and military began developing plans on how to build up the West Bank.
以色列住房部和军方也开始制定约旦河西岸的计划方案了。
They built roads throughout the entire region,
他们修建了贯通整个约旦河西岸地区的道路，
allowing for easy access between settlements and mainland Israel.
以便以色列人能在定居点和以色列大陆之间轻松通行。
More and more building permits were given out
他们发放的建筑许可证也越来越多，
and new planned communities began popping up all over the West Bank.
新规划的社区开始在约旦河西岸各地如雨后春笋般涌现。
The settlements slowly shifted from a fringe group of motivated civilians
定居行动从一小群平民别有用心的的搬迁
to an institutionalized part of Israeli society, totally supported by the state.
慢慢变成了以色列社会有组织，完全得到了国家支持的一项行动。
