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Hello, I'm John Russell.
大家好，我是约翰·罗素。
Some consonant sounds are like coins.
有些辅音就像硬币。
A coin is usually made from one material, but the front and back look different.
硬币通常由一种材料制成，但正面和背面看起来不同。
There are consonant sounds that are also like that.
有一些辅音也是这样的。
Today we will explore how coins are like certain kinds of sounds in American English.
今天，我们将探索在美式英语中，硬币是如何与某些发音相似的。
In previous videos, I talked about stop consonant sounds - sounds that involve stopping the air for a brief amount of time.
在之前的视频中，我谈到了闭塞音，发音时需要阻挡空气一小会。
I also talked about voicing movement of the vocal cords.
我也谈到了voicing即声带震动。
But how do you stop consonant sounds, connect with voicing?
但是闭塞音是如何和声带震动联系起来呢？
There are six stop sounds in American English.
在美式英语中有六个闭塞音。
They are /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/.
他们是/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/。
And let's see how these sounds connect with coins.
让我们看看这些声音是如何与硬币联系在一起的。
First, we have the /p/ and /b/ sounds.
首先，我们谈一下/p/和/b/的音。
These sounds are made out of the same basic material-they both require you to use both of your lips. /p/ /b/
这些声音都是由相同的基本构成——它们两个都是要用到两个嘴唇。
So what is the difference between them? Voicing
那么，它们之间有什么不同呢？声带震动。
/p/ is voiceless and /b/ is voiced.
/p/音声带不震动，/b/音声带需要振动。
It's like two sides of the same coin heads and tails, voiced and voiceless.
这就像硬币的正反两面，声带震动的和声带不震动的。
The other four stop sounds act in the same way.
另外四个闭塞音也是同样。
Now, the problem with stop sounds is that it can be difficult to tell if your vocal cords are moving.
现在，关于闭塞音的问题是，可能很难判断你的声带是否在震动。
This is because stop sounds can't really be made longer--after all, they involve stopping the air.
这是因为闭塞音发音时间不能更长了——毕竟，它们涉及到阻挡空气。
But there are important patterns in how English speakers use stop sounds with vowels.
但是说英语的人在闭塞音的发音时有一些重要的模式。
But that will have to be a subject of a future video.
那将是我们后面视频的主题。
That's all for today.
以上就是今天的全部内容。
keep up the good work.
继续努加油吧。
