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That spike is at least partly driven by the change in laws:
这种激增至少部分是由法律的变化推动的:
a study of twins living in different states found that legalisation led to a 20% uptick in use.
一项对生活在不同州的双胞胎的研究发现，大麻合法化导致使用的人数上升了20%。
Meanwhile federal regulation remains tight, making marijuana hard to study.
与此同时，联邦监管仍然严格，使得大麻研究变得困难。
The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified weed as a Schedule One drug, just like heroin.
1970年的《管制物质法案》将大麻列为一级毒品，就像海洛因一样。
Back then it was deemed to have a “high potential for abuse” and no established medical use.
当时，它被认为有“很高的滥用潜力”，而且没有确定的医疗用途。
Studies from around the world have since shown that marijuana can relieve chronic pain,
来自世界各地的研究表明，大麻可以缓解慢性疼痛，
dull chemotherapy-induced nausea and help treat epilepsy.
化疗引起的恶心，并有助于治疗癫痫。
Even though in 2019 the World Health Organisation recommended rejigging the categorisation,
尽管世界卫生组织在2019年建议重新分类，
in America this has not been done.
美国却并没有这样做。
That makes it tricky to conduct clinical trials.
这使得进行临床试验变得非常棘手。
Labs must be fitted out with elaborate safety equipment
实验室必须配备精密的安全设备，
for the Drug Enforcement Administration to give its stamp of approval and funding is scarce.
以获得美国缉毒局的批准，但是资金稀缺。
As more and more Americans light up joints, other grim side-effects could be lurking.
随着越来越多的美国人吸食大麻，其他可怕的副作用可能暗藏其中。
To clinicians, the downsides for surgery are clear enough to justify changing medical protocols—
对于临床医生来说，手术的缺点足以证明改变医疗方案的合理性——
even before more studies come in.
甚至在相关研究出现之前。
In January the American Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine
今年1月，美国区域麻醉和疼痛医学协会
released guidelines on how to screen patients for marijuana use before surgery.
发布了关于如何在手术前筛查患者是否使用大麻的指导方针。
Pregnant women should be discouraged from smoking weed, the organisation said,
该组织表示，禁止孕妇吸食大麻，
and non-emergency surgeries should be postponed by at least two hours if the patient comes in blitzed.
如果病人在兴奋期，非紧急手术应推迟至少两个小时。
A slew of other new reports warn anaesthesiologists of the mounting risks.
大量其他新报告给麻醉师带来更多风险警告。
The common perception that marijuana eases nerves works against doctors.
人们普遍认为大麻可以缓解神经紧张，但这对医生来说是不利的。
Some people seem to be getting stoned before they arrive at the hospital
为了缓解自己的紧张，
in order to calm themselves down.
有些人似乎在到达医院之前就开始嗑药了。
New users may be particularly likely to smoke for such a purpose.
新用户更有可能为了这样的目的而嗑药。
For a better experience, patients should forgo the parking-lot hit.
为了获得更好的手术体验，病人们不应该在停车场就嗑药。
Economist readers will now know better.
《经济学人》的读者现在能了解更多了。
