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GRE阅读高频机经原文:鱼的social learning

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Although social learning(通过模仿其它个体的行为来学会某种行为)is well documented among fish, few studies have investigated social learning within a developmental context in these taxa. Rather than investigating the development of a particular skill, Chapman, Ward, and Krause investigated the role of group density during development in later foraging success in laboratory-housed guppies. When raised with a small number of conspecifics(同种生物), guppies were quicker to locate food by following a trained adult guppy than were guppies raised in large groups. This counterintuitive finding is explained by the fact that guppies reared in the high-density condition were less likely to shoal(与群体一起游动)with others and, therefore, were less likely to learn the benefits of social learning. Instead, fish reared in high-density situations may learn that conspecifics are to be viewed as competitors, rather than as potential sources of adaptive information. This finding suggests that at least for guppies, the early social environment may have an effect on the capacity for social learning, if not on the socially learned behaviors themselves.

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ward [wɔ:d]

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n. 守卫,监护,受监护人,病房,行政区
vt

 
potential [pə'tenʃəl]

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adj. 可能的,潜在的
n. 潜力,潜能

 
density ['densiti]

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n. 密集,密度,透明度

 
context ['kɔntekst]

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n. 上下文,环境,背景

联想记忆
shoal [ʃəul]

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adj. 浅的 n. 浅水处,沙洲 n. 鱼群,一大群

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particular [pə'tikjulə]

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adj. 特殊的,特别的,特定的,挑剔的
n.

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capacity [kə'pæsiti]

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n. 能力,容量,容积; 资格,职位
adj.

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locate [ləu'keit]

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vt. 把 ... 设置在,使坐落于,找出
v

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environment [in'vaiərənmənt]

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n. 环境,外界

 
social ['səuʃəl]

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adj. 社会的,社交的
n. 社交聚会

 

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