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助动词的基础用法：
助动词有：be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being
do, does, did
have, has, had
shall, will, should, would
| 助动词 | 功能及例句 |
| be am, is, are, was, were，been, being | 1）帮助构成进行时态。如：He is playing football.他在踢足球。 2） 帮助构成被动语态。如：I was cheated.我被骗了。 |
| do does, did | 1）帮助实义动词构成否定。如：I do not like Japanese.我不喜欢日语。 2）帮助实义动词构成疑问。如：Do you like English?你喜欢英语吗？ |
| have has, had | 帮助构成完成时。如：I have studied English for 2 years.我已经学英语两年了。 |
| shall, will, should, would | 帮助构成将来时。如：We shall be there at 10.我们十点到达那里。 should have, would have, should, would可以帮助构成虚拟语气。如：If he were here, everythingwould be all right.如果他在，一切都会好起来。 |
注：be, do, have既可以作助动词，也可以作实义动词。
如：I am a student. 我是学生。am是系动词。用作谓语。表示“是”。
I have two brothers.我有两个兄弟。have实义动词。用作谓语，表示“有”
I often do my homework at home.我一般在家做功课。do实义动词。用作谓语，表示“做”
