表示能力can/could/ be able to
1)现在或将来的能力
can 表示因为具备某些条件或特点,某人能够完成某件事。
如: Bob can play the piano. He has taken lessons for many years. But I can't. (后天的能力)
John is strong. He can lift that heavy box. (能力)
注:表示现在能力的时候不用be able to
2)过去的能力
在表示能力时,could可以作为can的过去式表示过去存在的能力。(如果不是表示能力,could则不表过去)
如:Our son could talk when he was two years old.我们孩子两岁的时候就能说话了。(表式过去的能力)
In those days few worker could support their families.那时很少有工人能够养家糊口。
3)在表示“过去能力”的时候,could 和was/were able to 的区别
a)could 只能表示过去“一般的能力,总的能力”,即我们在过去想干什么就随时可以干什么。这时,我们也可以用was/were able to.
如:I could/ was able to recite several poems when I was three years old.我在三岁时就能背诵几首诗。
I could/was able to run fast when I was a child, but now I can't.小时候我能跑得很快,现在不行了。
b)如果要表示在过去某个特定场合所表现出的“特定能力,具体能力”,或者表示某人在某场合设法成功地完成了某件事情,我们要用was/were able to.不能用could.
如:I applied everywhere and finally I was able to get a good job.我到处应聘,最后找到了一份好工作。
With the aid of the wood, he was able to swim across the river.因为有了那块木头,他游到了河的对岸。
c)在否定句中,could和was/were able to可以互换,即在否定句中他们就不存在上述区别了。
如:I applied everywhere and I couldn't/was not able to get any good job.