2、现在进行时
(1)构成:由助动词be + 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化,有三种形式:第一人称单数用am, 第三人称单数用is, 其他用are。
现在进行时的否定式是:直接在助动词be后面加上not;疑问式是:把助动词be提到主语之前。以study 为例:
否定式 |
疑问式 |
I am not studying |
Am I studying? |
You are not studying, |
Are you studying? |
He is not studying. |
Is he studying? |
(2)用法:
1)现在进行时表示说话时正在发生或进行着的动作。例如:
I am writing a letter. 我正在写信。
They are learning English. 他们正在学习英语。
Is it raining now? 现在下雨吗?
有时表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作。例如:
More and more people are paying attention to their health.
越来越多的人在关注健康。
He is translating a novel. 他在翻译一本小说。
2)有些动词,如come, go, leave, return, arrive, begin, start等,它们的现在进行时可表示不远的将来要发生的事情。例如:
Flight 1095 is landing soon. 第1095号航班马上要着陆了。
I know the end is coming. 我知道马上就要结束了。
Mary is coming back from her visit to Shanghai. 玛丽很快就要从上海访问回来了。
3)现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly 等副词连用,表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作。这种用法常表示说话人的某种感情,如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。例如:
He is always asking questions. 他老爱提问题。
You are always saying that sort of thing. 你老爱说那样的话。
She is always complaining. 她总是喜欢抱怨。
4)在一定的上下文中,后一句的动词谓语用现在进行时与前一句的一般现在时相配合,可用以体现原因、结果、目的等意味。即前一句用一般现在时动词谓语表述现在发生的事实,而后一句用现在进行时动词谓语来阐明这一事实的原因、结果、目的等。例如:
He frowns. He is worrying about his boy. 他皱着眉头,因为他在为他的孩子担心。
She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his bad habits. 她批评他,想纠正他的坏习惯。
She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子。这是在把他惯坏了。(结果)
翻译练习:
1)新生下星期到。
The new students are arriving next week.
2)那边出了什么事?
What is happening over there?
3)那辆汽车怎么停在门外?
Why is that car parking (stopping) outside the gate?