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阅读文章的结构
了解文章的结构，能够让我们在阅读时更迅速地把握文章的脉络和文章主旨，对于提高做题效率更有重要意义。 文章的结构模式大体上分为四类。这四类文章在一篇文章中并不是独立存在的，有时往往是几种段落结构模式交织在一起。
总分型 这类文章遵循从观点到材料，从抽象到具体的逻辑法则，其基本框架是先总论后分论，中心论点出现在分论之前。
问题解决型 首先说明情况和背景，然后提出问题，接着作出反应，也就是解决问题，当然问题也可能没有解决或没有完全解决，最后给予适当的评价或者分析。总体布局上有时会舍去背景部分或评价部分。
匹配型 段落的发展主线为两种事物之间的类比：两种论点概论----一种论点----另一种论点;或者是现象----一种事物----另一种事物----得出结论。作者一般不发表态度和结论。
假设真实型 文章结构模式是：假设观点----进行反驳----作者观点。作者往往在文中开头即提出一种观点或主张，然后从赞同与反对两个方面进行反驳或澄清，经过论证之后才提出作者本人的观点。
Passage 6
Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also explain that there’s a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "You’ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer." The reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was __6__and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a __7__ writer.
After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell a story that __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test----even though it meant living with __10__ and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.
A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubt
E) lonely F) poverty G) persuade H) prospects
I) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awarded
M) alone N)wealth O)cold
