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技巧四:寻找复现或共现关系
完型填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇,围绕一个话题论述,因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则,某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词,考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以,解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索,如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。
【例4】(05-6-66)
【原文】
His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that scans any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like 66 through a speaker.
【选项】
[A] behavior [B] expression
[C] movement [D] voice
【解析】语义衔接题。空前的sounds(声音)和orally(口头地)和空后的speaker(扬声器)与所填词构成语义场共现,由此可推知答案为[D] voice(说话声)。
技巧五:熟悉常用逻辑关系词语
只有明确文章结构,了解各段与段之间、句与句之间的逻辑关系,才能加深对文章的理解,从而在空白处填入正确的词语,这就要求考生熟悉和掌握一些常用的逻辑关系词语。
常用的逻辑关系词语包括:
并列词:and, as well as, both…and, not only…but(also), neither…nor
转折词:but, however, whereas, while, yet, still, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the other hand, not…but, rather than
选择词:or, nor, or else, otherwise, either…or
递进词:besides, also, even, moreover, likewise, furthermore, what’s more, in addition
解释词:that is (to say), in other words
时间词:when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, once, the moment(/day/instant/minute/second), every time, no sooner…than, hardly…when, then, meanwhile, subsequently, afterward, later
比较词:(not) as…as, not so…as, (not) such…as, (not) the same as, than, in contrast, on the contrary
条件词:if, unless, providing(/provided) that, as(/so) long as, on condition that, suppose(/suppopposing) that, in case, only if, if only
因果词:because, since, as , now that, seeing that, considering that, in that, for, thus, so, therefore, hence, consequently, accordingly, as a result, so that, in case, for fear that, lest, in order that, so that, so…that, such…that
让步词:though, although, even if(/even though), as, while, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter…, whether…or
技巧六:利用文章和段落的主题句
为了使考生更易于理解文章内容,出题者在设计完型填空试题时,总是保留一个完整的、或是大半个完整的表达主旨的句子,而这样的句子往往位于文章的开头。因此,考生应充分利用文章开头去了解文章的主旨。另外,段落的首句也往往是该段的主题句,所以,考生也要学会利用段首句提供的信息,把握文章的结构和行文思路。
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