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vi. 总结，作出决定
vt. 使结束，推断出
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从这些问题我们可以看出，考查语篇的理解可以从以下三个方面来进行:考查文章大意、考查作者的态度以及为文章选个题目。
1. 文章大意大家要注意的是，试题有时考查的是整篇文章的大意，有时是某一段落的大意。在说明文和议论文中，往往在段落或文章的开头或结尾部分有表明文章中心思想的主题句，但是记叙文就不一定了。记叙文的中心思想往往需要考生自己去理解和概括。这种理解既不能太笼统，也不能太具体，因为主旨题的干扰项有三种：第一种是概括范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节；第二种是概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出了文章叙述的内容；第三种是文章中未提到的或无依据的信息。下面我们以2007年12月四级真题A卷中第二篇深度阅读的第一题为例，看看如何做这类题。
In this age of Internet chat, video games and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year.
Q: What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A) Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities.
B) Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time.
C) Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing.
D) A lot of distractions compete for children’s time nowadays.
此题选D)。参见上段可知，在这个网络聊天、电子游戏和电视的时代，很多无需动脑筋的活动使孩子们分心。但是尽管如此，我8岁的女儿却想利用业余时间写短篇小说。她想参加作文竞赛，去年她获过一次奖。由此可见A)、B)、C)均为干扰项，只有D) 项概括全面。
了解了记叙文的各个要素并不意味着理解了整篇文章，把握事件的意义、理解它们和主题的密切关系才真正地把握住了整篇文章。记叙文实际上是夹叙夹议的文章，通过记叙得出一个结论或给出一些建议等。记叙 的部分用来引出结论，理解好了结论就能更透彻地理解记叙部分的内容。所以在阅读前，大家可以问问自己：这个故事讲了什么？它会告诉我们一个什么道理等。带着这些疑问，在阅读时就能抓住中心，既看得到“树木”，也看得到“森林”。读完一个故事，不同的人会得出不同的结论，如读到一个母亲为了不让自己年幼的女儿对写作失望，帮助她修改作文，这样好让她的作文能够在比赛中获奖的故事，你的结论是什么呢？可能是感慨母爱的伟大，也可能是认为家长对孩子的过多干涉造成孩子心理脆弱。其实只要能讲清楚你的理由，这些结论都没错。但是作者要表达的结论只有一个，我们必须以文章为立足点，绝对不能“想得太多”。在读完文章的最后一句话后，你就明白了这篇文章主要是告诉家长要给孩子一定的空间，让他们从自己的经历中有所收获，而不需要事事都“把着手教”。
2．作者的态度之前我们讲了一些方法帮助大家获得作者的意图，如转折连词的使用等。对于夹叙夹议的文章，大家尤其要注意记叙与议论部分过渡的句子，这些句子往往都是点睛之笔，如Now I’m not so sure.(CET-4，2001年1月，Passage 2)。从这句话可知，之前作者对某件事是非常肯定的而现在又变得犹豫了。句中的一些词组和句型对于文章的理解也是非常重要的，如Why should ...，表达作者不认同某事；而I had done something without even realizing it. 经常表示对做了某事的后悔之意。文章的结尾段(句)也能帮助我们理解作者的态度。如2003年6月四级真题中Passage Four 的最后一段：Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents aren’t always preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.
Q: The author’s attitude towards the judge’s ruling could be described as ______.
A) doubtful B) critical C) cautious D) supportive
此题选D)。这篇文章讲的是两对夫妻的孩子在出生时不小心被抱错。若干年后，一对夫妻因孩子死亡发现此事，欲夺回自己亲生孩子的监护权，将另一对夫妻告上法庭。最终的结果是孩子的监护权仍然归其养父母。从最后一段，尤其是But后的句子我们可以肯定作者对法官的判断持肯定的态度。故选D)。
3. 为文章拟题目
记叙文的主题句不明显，因此给拟题目带来了一定的麻烦。题目是对文章的高度浓缩，文章的主题词（名词）会在文章中反复出现，为了避免重复啰嗦往往会用一些代词或限定词A该名词的上位概念来代替。掌握了这个规则，对大家解答此类题目会有很大帮助。另外，有时还可以根据题干来确定题目。大家可以根据题干中反复出现的词为依据，确定文章的主题和题目。
在教学过程中，我发现不少学生都有重技巧而轻行动的毛病。在阅读能力的培养上，也不例外。我想提醒大家一句，要阅读，首先要识字。换句话说，要想更好地理解文章就要认识更多的单词。大家一定要在脑海中建立自己的单词库，并通过多种方法，如词缀法、联想记忆法等，不断让这个词库扩大和巩固，同时通过科学合理的阅读练习，养成良好的阅读习惯，戒掉阅读时出声、唇动、心动等不良习惯，实践我们的攻略和技巧。我相信大家这样做肯定能得到好成绩。
(The end)
Tryout
1. While stepping back was difficult
for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices. (CET-4, 2007年12 月)Q: What’s the author’s advice for parents?
A) A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursue.
B) Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience.
C) Parents should keep an eye on the activities their kids engage in.
D) Children should be given every chance to voice their opinions.
2. I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering "factories" where they didn’t care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist (人文学者) all in one.
Now I’m not so sure. Some-where along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile (协调) engineering with liberal arts courses in college.
Q: The author’s experience shows that he was _______. (CET-4, 2001年1月)
A) creative B) ambitious C) unrealistic D) irrational
3. Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, some-one asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them "war"stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about. (CET-4, 2007年6月)
Q: What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
A) Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.
B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.
C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family.
D) Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.
答案&解析
1. B)。参见选段可知，这是作者指导孩子写作的感受，也是给其他家长的建议，即她要提醒自己给孩子们一定的空间，让他们尝试、成长、表达自己的心声。故选B)。
2. C)。第一段表明作者对自己非常有信心，认为自己会成为一名工程师。第二段话锋一转写到现在不那么自信了，他从前的想法与现实相矛盾，随后又有进一步的说明。可见，作者过去是不现实的人。故选C)。
3. C)。参见选段可知，作者通过向学生们展示自己怀孕期间做实验的情景，使全班女生受到鼓舞，她们向作者展现出45位热爱科学的女性形象。由此推断作者是要表达女性可以事业和家庭都兼顾的观点。故选C)。
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