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上一讲中我们介绍了段落的扩展模式，也就是说，我们已经了解了文章中间一部分的叙述模式。根据四六级写作的特点，一般首段和尾段都要自己补上，那么怎么才能写好首尾段呢，下面我介绍一下，首尾段的写作方式。
1．首段的写作
首段的写作方式一般为：
运用事实性信息、调查或故事等引出话题，2）导入主题，然后提出自己的观点，也就是文章的论点
首段开篇的方式常见的有：
1） 谚语法
由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受，用谚语提出自己的观点也容易被读者所接受。
As the saying goes, 'Money makes the mare go', but there are many things we can't buy with money, such as time and true love. …
2） 定义法
定义法是通过对文章中的关键词做一些简单或正面或反面的解释，限定其范围，这样比较有利于引出主题。
'Practice makes perfect' is an old saying. It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. As long as we keep on trying and practicing, we will do a good job in the end.
3） 提问法
通过提问一个或一连串的问题，可以激发读者的兴趣，从而引出主题。
a. Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer?
b. What is a good student? Different people may have different answers to this question.
4） 概括法
概括法指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状，然后引出主题。
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the Internet has come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us, but at the same time, Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems.
5） 故事法
故事法指用简单有趣的故事激发读者的兴趣，从而提出自己的观点。如下面'Is Stress a Bad Thing?'
