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2013年12月英语四级作文提分技巧之平行结构

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  相似的思想应用相似的形式表达出来。句子的成份相近,则也应以相似的形式出现。请注意以下标有"NO"的句子是不规范的。
  No: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.
  Yes: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, and came to a stop.
  (并列时态)
  No: I don’t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and a bore.
  Yes: I don’t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and boring.
  (形容词平行结构)
  No: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and elephant.
  Yes: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and an elephant.
  (不定冠词的平行结构)
  No: I debated whether I should give the beggar money or to offer him food.
  Yes: I debated whether to give the beggar money or to offer him food.
  (不定式的平行结构)
  No: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes days.
  Yes: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes for days.
  (介词平行结构)
  No: Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and dust filled the air.
  Yes: Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and filled the air with dust.
  (并列谓语)
  No: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.
  Yes: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and tools that he was going to use.
  (并列带有定冠词"the"的名词)
  No: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and his employees loved him.
  Yes: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and loved by his employees.
  (并列被动语态)
  No: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, fighting in the Anti-Japanese War, and following the Nationalist Party to Chongking.
  Yes: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, had fought in the Anti-Japanese War and had followed the Nationalist Party to Chongking.
  (并列过去完成时)
  No: Jane is pretty, with brown hair, and has a graceful manner.
  Yes: Jane is pretty, brown-haired, and graceful.
  (形容词平行结构)
  No: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and because his health deteriorated rapidly.
  Yes: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and his rapidly failing health.
  (作宾语的名词平行结构)
  No: They bought the house for location and affordability.
  Yes: They bought the house because of its location and its affordability.
  (并列名词;注意代词的所有格)
  No: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and as if he was unimportant?
  Yes: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and unimportant?
  (形容词的平行结构)
  No: This could be a problem for both the winners and for those who lose.
  Yes: This could be a problem for both the winners and losers.
  (名词平行结构)
  No: The prisoner was not only found guilty of bribery but also adultery.
  Yes: The prisoner was found guilty not only of bribery but also of adultery.
  (并列介词短语)
  为使平行结构清楚明了,随时都可以重复介词、冠词、助动词、不定词标志,或者长的短语或句子的介绍词。
  Awkward: I admire Tennyson for the ideals in his poems but not his style.
  Improved: I admire Tennyson for the ideals in his poems but not for his style.
  Awkward: The sentences are difficult to understand, not because they are long but they are obscure.
  Improved: The sentences are difficult to understand, not because they are long but because they are obscure.
  Awkward: He explained that the advertising campaign had been successful, business had increased more than forty per cent, and additional capital was sorely needed.
  Improved: He explained that the advertising campaign had been successful, that business had increased more than forty per cent, and that additional capital was sorely needed.
  在商业和正式文件写作中,越来越多的用到圆点散句。除了更易读之外,它们更能从视觉上引起人们注意。作者需要决定在圆点之后用什么形式来写,是用名词,动词,形容词,副词,还是介词短语,定语从句甚至完整的句子。应该记住的是它们相互间应该保持一致。平行结构较多用。
  Examples:
  Our recommendations for improving computer-user comfort are as follows:
  · Anti-radiation screens should be available for computer monitors.
  · Wrist supports should be used to help maintain proper wrist position during computer use and possibly reduce the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome.
  · Employees need adjustable chairs with a stronger back support.
  (主谓一致结构)
  What makes me different from other job applicants?
  · Ability to converse in English, Japanese in addition to my native Mandarin
  · Completion of two-month customer satisfaction training
  · Impeccable medical report card
  · Outgoing personality and eager desire to help

重点单词   查看全部解释    
departure [di'pɑ:tʃə]

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n. 离开,出发,分歧

 
discrimination [di.skrimi'neiʃən]

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n. 歧视,辨别力,识别

 
unwilling ['ʌn'wiliŋ]

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adj. 不愿意的

 
awkward ['ɔ:kwəd]

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adj. 笨拙的,尴尬的,(设计)别扭的

 
weakness ['wi:knis]

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n. 软弱

 
understand [.ʌndə'stænd]

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vt. 理解,懂,听说,获悉,将 ... 理解为,认为<

 
committed [kə'mitid]

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adj. 献身于某种事业的,委托的

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civility [si'viliti]

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n. 礼貌,谦恭,端庄

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sloppy ['slɔpi]

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adj. 被泼水弄湿的,泥泞的,多阴雨的

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obscure [əb'skjuə]

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adj. 微暗的,难解的,不著名的,[语音学]轻音的

联想记忆

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