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Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don’t, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.
The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illumination piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (启蒙运动) to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.
But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.
31. According to the author, really good science ________.
A) would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment
B) will produce results which cannot be foreseen
C) will help people to make the right choice in advance
D) will bring about disturbing results
32. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century ________.
A) thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science
B) were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research
C) knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature
D) did more harm than good in promoting man’s understanding of nature
33. Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?
A) They invented false theories to explain things they didn’t understand.
B) They falsely claimed to know all about nature.
C) They did not believe in results from scientific observation.
D) They paid little attention to the problems they didn’t understand.
34. What is the author’s attitude towards science?
A) He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.
B) He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.
C) He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.
D) He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.
35. The author believes that ________.
A) man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up
B) man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect
C) sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer them
D) questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific researchD
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present, it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of greenspaces in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of greenspace facilities.
The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.
The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.
36. According to the author, the importance of greenspaces in the urban environment ________.
A) is still unknown
B) is usually neglected
C) is being closely studied
D) has been fully recognized
37. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to ________.
A) the disproportion of recreation facilities in the neighbourhood
B) the location of recreation facilities far from home
C) relatively little attention for recreative possibilities
D) the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighbourhood
38. The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of green space should be provided ________.
A) in special areas
B) in the suburbs
C) in the neighbourhood of the house
D) in gardens and parks
39. According to the author, greenspace facilities should be designed in such a way that ________.
A) more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspect
B) more and more people might have access to them
C) an increasing number of recreative activities might be developed
D) recreative activities might be brought into our homes
40. The main idea of this passage is that ________.
A) better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life
B) attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities
C) the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago
D) priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities
