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What is a radical? It seems today that people are terrified of the term, particularly of having the label attached to them.
什么是激进分子?如今，人们似乎害怕这个词，特别是害怕被贴上这个标签。
Accusing individuals or groups of being radical often serves to silence them into submission, thereby maintaining the existing state of affairs,
指责个人或团体激进往往是为了让他们保持沉默，从而维持现状，
and more important, preserving the power of a select minority who are mostly wealthy white males in western society.
更重要的是，保留少数人的权力，这些人在西方社会大多是富有的白人男性。
Feminism is a perfect example of this phenomenon.
女权主义就是一个很好的例子。
The women's movement has been plagued by stereotypes, misrepresentations by the media, and accusations of man hating and radicalism.
女性运动一直被刻板印象、媒体的错误描述、对男性的仇恨和激进主义的指责所困扰。
When the basic foundation of feminism is simply that women deserve equal rights in all facets of life,
当女权主义的根本依据是，女人应在日常生活的方方面面得到平等的权利，
when faced with a threat of being labeled radical, women back down from their worthy cause and consequently participate in their own oppression.
当面临被贴上激进标签的威胁时，女性会从她们有价值的事业中妥协，从而加入到对同类的压迫中去。
It has gotten to the point that many women are afraid to call themselves feminists because of the stigma attached to the word.
它导致许多女性都不敢自称是女权主义者，因为这个词被污名化了。
If people refuse to be controlled and intimidated by stigmas, the stigmas lose all their power, without fear and which to feed such stigma as can only die.
如果人们拒绝被污名所控制和恐吓，那么污名就会失去它所有的力量，没有了恐惧，失去了养料，这种污名只能消亡。
To me, a radical is simply someone who rebels against the norm or advocates a change in the existing state of affairs.
在我看来，激进分子就是那些反抗常规或主张改变现状的人。
On closer inspection, it becomes clear that the norm is constantly envolving and therefore is not a constant entity.
仔细观察就会发现，常规是持续变化的，所以它并不是一个固定的本质。
So why there is deviation from the present situation such a threat when the state of affairs itself is unstable and subject to relentless transformation.
那么，在事态本身还不稳定、还在不断变化的情况下，为什么会有这种偏离现状的威胁呢?
It all goes back to maintaining the power of those who have it and preventing the rise of those who don't.
这一切都要回到维持那些有权的人的权力和阻止那些没有权力的人崛起上。
In fact, when we look at the word radical in a historical context, nearly every figure we now hold up as a hero was considered a radical in his or her time.
事实上，当我们把激进分子这个词放在历史背景下看时，几乎我们现在当做英雄的所有人在他或她的时代都被认为是激进分子。
Radicals are people who affect change. They are the people about whom history is written.
激进分子是那些影响变革的人。他们是历史书写的对象。
Abolitionists were radicals.
废奴主义者是激进分子。
Civil rights activists were radicals, even the founders of our country in their fight to win independence from England were radicals.
民权活动家是激进分子，甚至我们国家争取脱离英国获得独立的开国元勋也是激进分子。
Their presence in history has changed the way our society functions, mainly by shifting the balance of power that previously existed.
他们在历史上的存在改变了我们社会的运作方式，主要是通过改变以前存在的权力平衡。
Of course there are some radicals who have made a negative impact on humanity.
当然也有一些激进分子对人类造成了负面影响。
But undeniably, there would simply be no progress without radicals.
但不可否认的是，没有激进分子就不会有进步。
That being said, next time someone calls me a radical, I will accept that label with pride.
话虽如此，下次有人说我是激进分子时，我会骄傲地接受这一标签。
16.What usually happens when people are accused of being radical?
16.当人们被指责为激进分子时通常会发生什么?
17. What is the speaker's definition of a radical?
17. 说话者对激进分子的定义是什么?
18. What does the speaker think of most radicals in the American history?
18. 说话者如何看待美国历史上的大多数激进派?
