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每日语法(4.22):不定式的时态和语态

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不定式的时态和语态

时态\语态    主动     被动
一般式      to do      to be done
进行式      to be doing  
完成式      to have done   to have been done
完成进行式    to have been doing  

1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
  He seems to know this.
  I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
 I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
 He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时: 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
 He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时:
 She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

7.15 动名词与不定式

1) 动名词与不定式的区别:
 动名词表达的是: 状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的
 不定式表达的是: 目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的
2) 接不定式或动名词,意义相同。
3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组:
  1 stop to do     stop doing   
  2 forget to do     forget doing
  3 remember to do   remember doing     
  4 regret to do     regret doing
  5 cease to do     cease doing       
  6 try to do      try doing
  7 go on to do     go on doing       
  8 afraid to do     afraid doing
  9 interested to do  interested doing 
 10 mean to do      mean doing
 11 begin/ start to do  begin/ start doing 



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