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A lack of response to dependency needs, poor nutrition, brutality, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, inadequate physical care, and traumatic events are among the many experiences that contribute to making people losers. Such experiences interrupt, deter, or prevent the normal progress toward autonomy and self-actualization. To cope with negative experiences a child learns to manipulate himself and others. These manipulative techniques are hard to giveup later in life and often become set patterns. A winner works to shed them. A loser hangs on to them.
对依赖需求的缺乏反应、营养不良、野蛮行为、不愉快的人际关系、疾病、连续不断的失望、对身体照料的不足以及造成心灵创伤的事件等都属于促使人们成为失败者的众多经历之列。这类经历会中断、妨碍或阻止通向自立和自我实现的正常进程。为了对付种种反面的经历，一个孩子学会了控制自己和操纵别人。这些操纵人的技术很难在以后的人生中放弃，于是往往便成为固定的模式。胜者努力去摆脱它们，而失败者却紧紧抓住它们不放。
A loser represses his capacity to express spontaneously and appropriately his full range of possible behavior. He may be unaware of other options for his life if the path he chooses goes nowhere. He is afraid to try new things. He maintains his own status quo. He is a repeater. He repeats not only his own mistakes, he often repeats those of his family and culture.
失败者压制其自发而恰当地表达全部可能行为的能力。如果他选择的人生道路走不通，他可能意识不到还有别的选择。他害怕尝试新的东西。他维持着自己的现状不图进取。他是个重复者。他不仅重复自己的错误，还常常重复其家族和其民族文化的错误。
