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Coffee Culture
咖啡文化
Coffee has a history dating back to at least the 9th century. First discovered in Ethiopia, coffee beans were brought into the Middle East by Arabian businessmen in the 15th century. Then they were spread into Egypt, Turkey, and North Africa. Islamic merchants then brought the beans to the thriving port city of Venice, where they sold them to wealthy Italian buyers. Soon, the Dutch began importing and growing coffee in places like Java and Ceylon (largely through cheap slave labor). The East India Company helped popularize coffee in England. And it gradually spread across Europe and even reached America.
咖啡的历史至少可以追溯到9世纪。咖啡豆最早在埃塞俄比亚发现，于15世纪被阿拉伯商人带入中东。然后它们被带到埃及、土耳其和北非。接着穆斯林商人把咖啡豆带到了繁华的港口城市威尼斯，将其卖给富有的意大利买主。不久，荷兰人开始在爪哇岛和锡兰等地进口和种植咖啡，这一工作主要是由廉价奴隶劳工来完成。东印度公司在英国推广了咖啡。它逐渐遍及欧洲各地，甚至到达了美国。
Where there has been coffee, there has been the coffee house. From the 15th-century Middle Eastern establishments where men gathered to listen to music, play chess, and hear people reading from works of literature, to the coffee houses of the 18th-century Paris where famous French writers such as Voltaire and Rousseau came to enjoy a hot cup of coffee, coffee houses have traditionally served as centers of social interaction—places where people can come to relax, chat, and exchange ideas.
哪里有咖啡，哪里就有咖啡馆。从供人们聚集在一起听音乐、下棋、听别人朗读文学作品的15世纪的中东人创立的场所，到像伏尔泰、卢梭这样的法国著名作家来品尝热咖啡的18世纪的巴黎咖啡馆，咖啡馆自古以来就是供人们放松、聊天、交流思想的社交中心。
