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I can recall a project that I was involved in while taking a college-level psychology class that explored this issue. We showed a group of people images of art without saying who the artists were. And we made sure that the people involved did not recognize the artists' works. The two artists that stick out in memory happened to be Adolf Hitler and John Lennon- two names that need no introduction for very different reasons. The goal was simply to see how people changed their art criticism after finding out who created the art.
我记得在上大学心理学课的时候参与的一个项目探讨了这个问题。我们向一群人展示了画作，但没有说明艺术家是谁。我们确保相关人员认不出艺术家的作品。记得最清楚的两位艺术家碰巧是阿道夫.希特勒和约翰.列侬，因为非常不同的理由，这两个名字不需要介绍。我们的目的只是想看看人们在发现画作的作者后，会如何改变他们对作品的评判。
Those who observed Adolf Hitler's artworks before knowing he was behind the creation of those images were impressed by them- noting a strong sense of architecture and space. Those who observed John Lennon's artworks before knowing he was the creator of those images were not impressed at all- most asking if they were drawings by a child. In fact, I recall that a few individuals doodled quick sketches laughing at the examples of Lennon's art that were shown. At that point they were not aware of who created the images.
观察者在不知道是阿道夫希特勒的作品时，觉得这些画作给他们留下了深刻印象:建筑和空间感很强。观察者在不知道是约翰·列侬的作品时，觉得作品的印象一点也不深刻，大多数人问这些作品是不是孩子画的。事实上，我记得有几个人对展出的列侬的画作嗤之以鼻。当时，他们不知道是谁创造了这些图像。
After showing the works and recording the views that everyone had, we revealed the artists' names in connection to the examples of images shown. We then followed up on the study a week later. This time when Adolf Hitler's artworks were shown, people tended to mock them and regard them as technically flawed and mediocre at best… completely the opposite of what they had said before. When John Lennon's artworks were shown again, people tended to suggest that his works displayed a strong use of line and mastery of gesture drawing. Lennon went from being viewed as a "bad artist" to being viewed as highly creative just because his name, and thus all that is attributed to it was revealed. Those who forgot the names of the artists after a week tended to stick with their original criticism concerning the images.
展示完这些作品并且对大家的观点做了记录之后，我们公开了所展示作品的艺术家的名字。一周后我们继续进行研究。这次，当阿道夫.布特勒的作品展示给大家时，人们都嘲笑它们，并且认为它们在技术上存在缺陷，充其量算是平庸……这与他们之前的评价完全相反。当约翰·列侬的作品再次展出时，人们倾向于认为他的作品表现出强烈的线条运用和对动态素描的精通。列侬从被视为“差的艺术家”到被视为具有高度创造性，仅仅因为他的名字以及名字背后的一切归因于名字的揭露。一个星期后，那些忘记艺术家名字的观察者还是倾向于坚持他们最初对那些艺术作品的看法。
