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Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution”.
Labour’s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.
To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation. (in no more than 8 words)
78.Automation makes it possible to ________________________________________.
79.At first, two things people worried about automation were ____________________________.
80.According to union spokesmen, the workers benefit from automation in terms of ________________________________________________________.
81.What is the last passage mainly talking about?
________________________________.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Ten Words.)
第 II 卷
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.格林先生本周日要去拜访一位朋友，此人精通理财之道。（who）
2.人们是否会推迟退休还有待于讨论（remain）。
3.无论任务多么艰巨，我们都要不遗余力地完成。（However）
4.许多公司在雇佣员工时，相对于能力而言，更看重个性。 （emphasis）
5.如果双方在这些事务上能达成共识，就有可能在新的领域进一步合作。（If...）
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
我们国家长期实行独生子女政策，现在政府将放开这一政策，允许夫妻中一方是独生子女的家庭生育第二个孩子，对此你怎么看。请围绕以下几点谈谈你的看法。 谈谈你对目前实施的独生子女政策的理解；对未来实施夫妻中一方是独生子女可生育第二个孩子的政策的想法；你对未来中国的人口问题有何期望，简述原因。
