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第二部分:阅读理解(共两节。第一节20小题, 第二节5小题;每小题2分, 满分50分)
第一节:阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上 将该选项标号涂黑。
A
Villagers of the high desert of Ladakh in India's Jammu and Kashmir state used to harvest plentiful crops of wheat, fruits, and vegetables in summer. But for years the streams have run dry in spring , just when farmers needed water to sow seeds. They had water when it wasn't needed during the rest of the year, such as in winter, when people let water run from taps to prevent pipes from freezing and bursting. Villagers blame climate change for causing glaciers (冰川) to shrink by melting them faster than before.
To solve the water-shortage problem, Sonam Wangchuk , a mechanical engineer, and his team of volunteers are building a huge vertical block of ice in Phyang, nine miles from Leh, the capital of Ladakh. When spring comes and the artificial glacier melts, farmers will have flowing water. This method stores water without the need for concrete water storage tanks or dam. While it won't stop glaciers from shrinking , it could help people adapt to a warming world.
Last winter, Wangchuk built a six-meter-high prototype on am open riverbank to test his novel idea. It stored 150 ,000 liters of water at 3,170 meters, the lowest altitude in Leh valley. This, he said, proved ice pyramids (金字塔)can be built anywhere in the region. When the prototype lasted until mid-May , he was encouraged to attempt a 30-metre-high pyramid of ice this winter. But the cost of piping water from the Phyang stream, 1. 5 miles away, was a huge S 100, 000. Not discouraged, he somehow raised the money and work began on 21 January.
The site was waterproofed with clay (粘土), so when the ice pyramid melted, water would not get into the desert sand. Sprinklers (喷淋装置）sprayed water from above, and the cold wind froze the tiny drops of water as they hit the ground. A cone of ice built up slowly but steadily. With only two more weeks of winter left, time is running short. The pyramid will likely be no more than 15 meters high when completed, half the size of the planned 30 meters.
“This year was the first time, so there were complications and delays, Wangchuk said. “We wanted to achieve two things——to show how to make an ice pyramid and how to green a patch of desert. “It's difficult to say how many people will eventually benefit；Fhyang village has only 2 ,000 people. But there'll he enough water for many more. This is an economic as well as ecological activity. ”
In the coming years, Wangehuk hopes to build 80 to 90 ice pyramids, each more than 30 meters tall, in Phyang village. They'll store 1 bn liters of water, enough to irrigate 600 hectares ( 1,500 acres) of desert , he says. To make so many ice pyramids, the only additional investment is the pipeline. Wangehuk said：“We need more pipes so we can extend it farther and farther. It will take another $ 100,000 to make the other ice pyramids.” Once the pipes are laid, frozen ice pyramids can be built year after year without pumping in more money. The underground pipes will last a hundred years. But for now, the desert around the 3,500-metre-high Phyang will turn green in summer, as water flows for the first time in many years.
41. The writer mentions the harvest of crops in Ladakh at the beginning of the passage in order to____.
A. remind people of the importance of water protection
B. show what people's life used to be like in India
C. provide background information for Wangchuk's effort
D. discuss the relationship between crops and water supply
42. The underlined word “prototype” ( Paragraph 3) probably means____.
A. the first design or model from which other forms are copied or developed
B. the glacier that provides the farmland and nearby rivers with water
C. a tall concrete building that consists of at least three floors
D. a small hill in cold areas where trees and grass can be planted
43. One problem with Wangchuk's method is that_____.
A. the ice pyramid can't store enough water
B. it is quite expensive to lay the pipes
C. the ice pyramid can't be built high enough
D. the weather can be too warm for the water to freeze
44. According to the above passage, one advantage of Wangchuk's method is that_____.
A. it can stop glaciers from shrinking
B. ice pyramids can be built anywhere in Leh valley
C. you can build as many ice pyramids as you like
D. there is no need to build concrete dams
45. Where can you possibly find the above passage?
A. In a newspaper. B. In an official document.
C. In a travel journal. D. In a research paper.
B
Below are some tips for women traveling alone.
Exercise hotel safety
There are many ways you can make a solo stay at a hotel safer. At cheek-in, you might consider asking for a room near the elevator so you won't need to walk down long, potentially ill-lit hallways to reach your room. When filling out guest registration forms, consider using your first initial instead of your name, and skip the“ Mrs/Miss/Mr” check box. Additionally, make sure the clerk writes down your room number instead of saying it out loud. This will prevent anyone nearby from knowing where to find you later.
Arrive during the day
Arrive in new cities during the day. Areas around bus and train stations can be scary and/or deserted, and small towns tend to shut down early. Veteran solo traveler Mara Rothman of San Francisco notes that plenty of beautiful towns can appear mysterious at night, and locals who are genuinely trying to help you can appear unnecessarily threatening. Arriving during the day means you'll be able to find a place to stay and get to know where you are before dark.
Keep your documents safe
If you choose to wear a money belt, use it for storage and not as a purse. Constantly reaching under your shirt for money draws attention to it, and tends to defeat the purpose. Instead, keep your passport, extra stores of money, and other important documents well hidden, and use a bag or purse for carrying daily spending money.
Dress appropriately
To avoid attracting unwanted attention, dress as conservatively as the women you see around you. This doesn't necessarily mean wearing the traditional dress, as that can sometimes have the opposite result. A good rule of thumb is to dress modestly. Think knee-length or longer skirts. Bare arms, shoulders, and legs are considered risked in some countries, so do the research before you go and once you're there. Note which body parts the local women cover and do the same.
Know when to make friends
Traveling alone doesn't always mean being alone. There are plenty of situations in which seeking out company can make for a safer and more enjoyable experience. Smaller hotels and hostels are great places to find like- minded travelers to explore new places with. In some countries, there are women-only sections in trains and women's waiting rooms at train stations. Sticking close to families on public transportation and in unfamiliar public markets and bazaars is another technique some women use.
Show confidence to a great extent
Whether you're on a street at home or 7 ,000 miles away, walking confidently and with direction is an effective technique for deterring unwanted attention, since appearing lost or confused can make you weak and easily damaged. If you are lost, walk into a shop or restaurant and ask for directions there. Try to avoid obviously looking at maps while you're in the street. Study your route before you go, or find one of those wallet-sized maps that you can carefully palm and refer to secretly. Use common sense
Using common sense is perhaps the single best tip for staying safe and having a good time while you, re traveling alone. This category includes the usual recommendations: don't walk around late at night , don't drink with strange men, don't ride in empty compartments on trains, don't compromise safety to save a few bucks on a hotel or transportation, and know how to use a pay phone.
46. The main purpose of the passage is to tell women_____.
A. where to travel alone B. how to make a safe and enjoyable trip
C. what to read on travel D. how to meet new people when traveling
47. Mara Rothman, s notes are mentioned in order to_____.
A. build up her reputation B. show admiration for her.
C. compare the experience D. make the tip convincing
48. To avoid being damaged, a woman traveling alone should _____.
A. stay away from the crowds B. use a money belt rather than a bag
C. wear the traditional dress D. find like-minded travelers for company
49. Which is the safest way for a woman when she gets lost along the way?
A. Keeping the important documents well hidden.
B. Looking at maps when she is in the street.
C. Asking the way in a store or in a restaurant.
D.Finding a place to stay and get her bearings before dark
