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TYPES OF MUSCLES
肌肉类型
Three basic types of muscle tissue are skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.
三种最基本肌肉类型分别是骨骼肌，平滑肌以及心肌。
These muscle tissues are either voluntary or involuntary.
上述肌肉组织有的为“随意肌”，有的为“非随意肌”。
Voluntary muscle tissue allows the person to dictate the function.
人类可随意支配“随意肌”。
The skeletal muscles of the arm and leg are examples of this type of muscle.
胳臂和腿部的骨骼肌为“随意肌”。
Involuntary muscles generally act without any conscious direction from the person.
通常情况下，“非随意肌”无法跟随意识支配。
The smooth muscles found in internal organs and cardiac muscles are examples of involuntary muscle tissue.
内脏器官的平滑肌，以及心肌均为“非随意肌”。
Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeletal bones and allow for voluntary movement.
骨架骨上的骨骼肌为“随意肌”。
These muscles are wrapped in layers of connective tissue called fascia.
骨骼肌被层层结缔组织所缠绕，我们将其称之为筋膜。
The fascia covering tapers at each end of a skeletal muscle to form a very strong tendon.
筋膜覆盖在骨骼肌末端，形成肌腱。
The tendon then inserts into the periosteum covering a bone to attach the muscle to the bone.
肌腱植入骨外膜，与肌肉附着的骨骼被骨外膜覆盖。
Skeletal muscles are stimulated by motor neurons of the nervous system.
骨骼肌是通过神经系统的神经元刺激活动。
Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of the hollow organs, such as the stomach, and tube-shaped organs, such as the respiratory airways and blood vessels.
平滑肌组织出现在中空器官壁，例如脏器胃，以及呼吸道，血管等管状器官。
It is responsible for the involuntary muscle action associated with movement of the internal organs.
“非随意肌”运动与脏器运动有关。
Cardiac muscle, or myocardium, occurs in the walls of the heart and allows for the heart’s involuntary pumping action.
心肌组成心脏壁，使心脏进行非随意性跳动。
The name of a muscle often reflects its location, size, fiber direction, or number of attachment points, as the following examples illustrate.
肌肉命名通常会反应它的位置，大小、肌纤维方向或附着点多少，举例如下。
Location：The term rectus abdominis means straight abdominal muscle.
地点：腹直肌意为垂直腹肌。
Size：when gluteus, meaning rump area, is combined with maximus, meaning large, we have the term gluteus maximus.
大小：臂肌意为臂部，若加上表示“大”的“maximus”，就有了臂大肌（gluteus maximus）一词。
Fiber direction：The adductor longus is the long thigh muscle responsible for adduction.
肌纤维方向：长收肌为负责内收的大腿肌。
Number of attachment points：The term bi, meaning two, can form the medical term biceps，which stands for the muscle in the upper arm that has two heads or connecting points.
附着点多少：“bi”意为二，可组成医学名词“biceps”二头肌，意为有两个头肌或两个连接点的上臂肌肉。
译文属可可英语原创，未经允许，不得转载。
