一. 确定分词形式
分词作状语时,通常放在句首,并且用逗号与主句隔开。同时,分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致,也就是说在确定选择现在分词仍是过去分词时,要判定主句主语与分词中央词的关系。假如句子的主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者(即表主动或正在进行),分词形式选用现在分词;假如句子的主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时(即表被动或完成),分词形式选用过去分词。
例:1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it.
A. I saw the book I wanted on the shell
B. The book I wanted was on the shell
C. Seeing the book lying across the desk
D. Lying on the desk
分析:分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知句子的主语I只能与see保持一致。 假如选A, 该句中没有连词,没能构成并列句和主从复合句,此时要选用非谓语动词形式。所以选C
2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
分析:“Seen from the hill” 是过去分词作状语。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知,“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的逻辑主语,它们之间表示被动关系,所以分词形式用seen.
二.确立句子主语可能是谁
确立句子主语可能是谁时,仍旧遵安分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。
例:Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.
A. doctors came to their rescue
B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken
D. warning were given to tourists
分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。句中“Having been attacked by terrorists”是现在分词作状语。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知“受攻击”的应是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的逻辑主语是“the tall building”.句意为“大楼由于受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌”. 谜底: B
三.独立主格结构
分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致,但当分词逻辑主语与主语不一致时,分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语,这种主语经常是名词或代词,置于动词-ing 形式或动词-ed形式之前。这种名词/代词+动词-ing/动词-ed结构在语法上被称为独立主格结构。此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与v-ing /v-ed形式所表示动作的逻辑关系,假如它们之间表示主动或分词动作正在进行,选择现在分词,假如它们之间表示被动或完成,选择过去分词。
1, 名词/代词+动词-ing
例:Spring coming on, the trees turned green.
2,名词/代词+动词-ed
例:The question settled, they felt released.
3,with/without+名词/代词+动词-ing/-ed
例:With the tree grown tall, we get more shade.
Our school looks beautiful with the flowers coming out.
The battle was over without a shot being fired.
四.分词作状语时,相称于一个状语从句。
例:______weight, the doctor has warned me to keep off sugar.
A. I’m putting on
B. Having put on
C. As I’m gaining
D. To gain
分析:在并列句和主从复合句中, 逗号只起分隔作用, 前后两部门的逻辑关系必需使用连接词来表达; 否则要使用非谓语动词. 该题中B, C两项长短谓语动词作状语, 但其逻辑主语与主句主语不一致, 所以只能使用连接词来表达前后两部门的逻辑关系. 谜底: C