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adj. 适当的，相称的
vt. 拨出(款项)
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解析：
(46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
结构分析：
主句I shall define him as an individual 定语从句//who has elected 宾语补足语//as his primary duty and pleasure in life 宾语//the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格拉底）way about moral problems.
词义推敲：
define …as… 把…定义为…
elected… as… 选择…作为…
his primary duty and pleasure in life 生命中主要的责任和乐趣
n Socratic（苏格拉底）way 用苏格拉底的方式
moral problems 道德问题
参考译文：
1、我把知识分子定义为这样的个体：他用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题，并以此作为其生命中的主要职责与乐趣。
2、我把知识分子定义为这样的个体，他把用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题作为自己的主要责任与乐趣。
得分重点：
固定短语，宾语从句，宾语后置
(47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
结构分析：
主句//His function is analogous to that of a judge，定语从句//who must accept the obligation of revealing方式状语// in as obvious a matter as possible //the course of reasoning 定语从句//which led him to his decision.
词义推敲：
Analogous 类似的, 相似的, 可比拟的
be analogous to 类似于..., 与...相似
accept the obligation：接受这个义务，就是有义务。
Reveal 展现, 显示, 揭示, 暴露
in as obvious a manner as possible=in a obvious manner. As …as possible
lead …to… 把…引向…
参考译文：
知识分子的作用类似于法官的作用，后者必须承担起这样的责任：用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过程。
得分重点：
固定短语，定语从句，方式状语
(48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
结构分析：
主句I have excluded him // 原因状语从句//because，让步状语从句//while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems， 转折//he has not been charged with the task //of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
词义推敲：
exclude 拒绝接纳, 把...排除在外, 排斥
contribute to 有助于
the solution of moral problems 道德问题的解决，解决道德问题
been charged with 承担、负责
not any but =nothing but=only 只，仅仅是
the factual aspects of those problems 那些问题的事实方面/层面
参考译文：
我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为虽然他的成就有助于解决道德问题，但是他只是触及了这些问题的事实方面。
得分重点：
原因状语从句，让步状语从句，固定短语
（49）But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
结构分析：
主句//But his primary task is not to think about the moral code 定语从句//which governs his activity，比较结构// any more than //a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration |of rules of conduct in business.
词义推敲：
moral code译为：道德准则/道德标准
dedicate to表示致力于
exploration是开发探索之意，翻译时需要做一点调整
an exploration |of rules of conduct in business 多重后置定语——后浪推前浪，我们翻译为：对于商业行为规则的探索。
参考译文：
但是普通科学家的主要任务并非是思考约束其行为的道德准则，这正如人们不期望商人致力于探究商业行为规范。
得分重点：
固定短语，定语从句，比较结构，多重后置定语
(50) They may teach very well , and more than earn their salaries ,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
结构分析：
主句They may teach very well，比较结构// and more than earn their salaries，转折关系//but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems定语从句 //which involve moral judgment.
词义推敲：
more than more than 后面跟名词和动词，我们翻译为不仅仅/不只是
make reflections on 对…进行反思/思考
little or no 很少或是没有
moral judgment 道德评判/判断
参考译文
教师可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅为了赚钱，但是大部分教师对涉及人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独立的思考。
得分重点：
比较结构，固定短语，定语从句
| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| appropriate | [ə'prəupriət] | 联想记忆 | ||
| solution | [sə'lu:ʃən] | 联想记忆 | ||
| performance | [pə'fɔ:məns] | 联想记忆 | ||
| intellectual | [.intil'ektʃuəl] | 联想记忆 | ||
| reasoning | ['ri:zniŋ] | 联想记忆 | ||
| evidence | ['evidəns] | 联想记忆 | ||
| reveal | [ri'vi:l] | |||
| definition | [.defi'niʃən] | 联想记忆 | ||
| analogous | [ə'næləgəs] | |||
| dedicate | ['dedikeit] | 联想记忆 |
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