英语口译三级精讲第52讲讲义

一、口译练习：视译+笔记+模拟考试

1、视译（篇章分析）
2、笔记（熟悉原文的基础上整理出一套适合自己的笔记方式）
3、模拟考试（分段听、记、译）

二、翻译单项技巧练习 —— 省略法 Omission

在日常语言中，省略是一种常见的语法现象，其作用是使语言显得简洁凝练。省略也是一个修辞学概念，有着特定的内涵和外延，它是指存在于修辞过程中局部性的有内容无形式现象，主要指有词语意义出现而无词语形式出现。就翻译方法而言，省略是一种常用的技巧，指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。也就是说，省略法是删去一些可有可无的、有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。

1.省略法在英汉翻译中的运用

1）代词的省略
He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩。
The country has increased its overall strength. 这个国家的整体实力增强了。
2）冠词的省略
The moon was slowly rising above the sea.月亮慢慢从海上升起。
3）介词的省略
Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共场合严禁吸烟。
4）连词的省略
He looked gloomy and troubled.他看上去有些忧愁不安。
As the weather was fine, we decided to hold the reception in the open air.天气很好，我们决定在户外举行招待会。
5）动词的省略
Will all those who are in favor of this draft resolution, please signify by raising their hands?同意本决议草案的人请举手。
Last year witnessed a huge increase of FDI in this region.去年这一地区的外国直接投资有很大增长。
6）非人称代词“It”的省略
Outside it was pitch-dark and it was raining cats and dogs.外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。

2.省略法在汉英翻译中的运用

7）省略冗词赘语
我已经提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作。I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.
小组委员会必须提出先决条件，以选择宗教少数派的代表参加委员会的工作。The Sub-Commission must propose the pre-requisites for choosing representatives of religious minorities on this Committee.
8）省略概念范畴类词语
汉语中有大量表示状态、品质的范畴词，如“机制、现象、局面、状况”等，在英译时往往可以省略不译。这是因为英语中有些抽象名词包含了这些词的意义，如：
我们要共同珍惜和维护亚洲地区来之不易的和平稳定局面。We must cherish and safeguard the hard-won peace and stability in Asia.

类似的例子还有：失业现象unemployment；紧急状态：emergency；紧张局势tension；竞争机制competition，等。
她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。After her friends heard about her family difficulties, they offered her a helping hand.

9）省略过详的细节描述
我们都需要确定一个联系机构或联系人。All of us are required to designate a point of contact.
10）省略汉语中没有实际意义的词语
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。In Paris，cocktail parties and buffet receptions offer good opportunities for making friends.
句中的“广交朋友”在英语里就是交朋友的意思，没有必要译为make friends extensively。

3.练习
中译英
1. 这些新型汽车速度快、效率高、行动灵活。
2. 每条河流都有上游、中游、下游。
3. 多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。
4. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
5. 人们利用科学去了解自然，改造自然。

英译中
1. If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.
2. Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.
3. These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.
4. The true of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.
5. Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to person.

4.答案
中译英
1. The new cars are fast, efficient and handy.
2. Every river has its upper, middle and lower reaches.
3. Unemployment has been serious in that country for many years.
4. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
5. People use science to understand and change nature.

英译中
1. 他这个人得寸进尺。
2. 不要自找麻烦。
3. 这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。（地大物博，人口众多）
4. 与人同乐才是真乐。
5. 流感病人必须与健康的人隔离，以免传播疾病。

英汉互译

三、本章重点、难点

merger （公司、企业等的）合并
Our solution might be a merger with another large electronics firms. 一个解决办法可能是与一家大型电子公司合并。
Proposed merger of our corporation into there is under study. 将本公司并入他们公司的建议正在研究中。
marshal 排列、安排、整理
marshal the guests at a banquet 为参加宴会的客人安排座位
marshal facts to support the theory 列举事实来论证理论
She sat tensely, marshaling her thoughts.她紧张地坐在那儿，整理自己的思绪。
turf 地盘、领域
contest for turf with sb. 同某人争夺地盘
大学里每个人都有自己的专门领域。 At a university, each person has his specialized turf.
premium 高价的
pay a premium price for a small order为小批量订货付出高价

四、词汇口译

压力感和紧迫感 a sense of pressure and urgency
组织等级 organization hierarchy
采取主动/主人翁精神 take initiative / ownership
逃避责任 avoid responsibility
注意规矩 observe formality
禁忌 taboo
矜持和委婉 to be indirect and reserved
柔弱迂回 in a soft and circuitous way
诘难 address problems in public
官僚作风的 bureaucratic
笨拙缓慢的 slow and cumbersome
挫败感 frustration
专业知识 expertise


课文口译（一）

一、词汇口译

管理策略 management strategy
任务、目标、责任与权力 roles, objectives, responsibilities and authority
最低的成本 the minimum cost
任命 appoint
下级经理 subordinate manager
监控跨度 span of control
上层经理 top executive
管理的费用 administrative cost / management cost
营业部 operation department
分布地域广 cover a broad geographic area
简化人员招聘工作 simplify the hiring of personnel
航天工业 aerospace industry
项目管理 project management
矩阵组织 matrix organization
职能部门 functional department
解散 cease to exist
线式组织 line organization
顾问组织 advisory department
参谋部门 staff department
数据分析 data processing / analysis
管理人士 managerial staff
财会程序 accounting procedure
领导的统一性 unity of command
工作类别 division of work
有利于 contribute to

二、口译技巧

1.语序调整
如果这样的组织能使所有个体以最低的成本实现企业的目标，那么它就是有效的。Such a structure is efficient if it makes it possible to contribute to the attainment of the objectives of the enterprise with minimum costs.（原文中“实现目标”采用的是动词转化为名词的技巧）

2.反译
因此，一家企业要尽量减少管理的级别数。这意味着每名经理的监控跨度要尽量设宽一些。Therefore, an enterprise will try to have the minimum possible number of levels, which means that the span of control of each manager should be as broad as possible.