第五章 翻译十大原则

1) 动宾连接原则：翻译动宾短语时，先考虑宾语的成分

中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望各国人民友好相处。

The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.

The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist friendlily.

avoid the stupid and short-sighted traps

摆脱束缚

打破禁锢

摆脱羁绊

2) 时态原则

中华民族历来爱好自由和和平。

The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.

The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.

The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.

中国过去是、现在是、将来是……

China was, remains to be

中国人民更深感自由与和平的珍贵。

The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.

After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S. –led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.

毕竟中国、古巴等一些在人权委员会中受到以美国为首批评的国家，总是投票或游说反对美国政府。

虚拟语气用“本应当……”

3) 主语确定原则

这一目标的实现，最直接的应该是老百姓住得更宽敞了，更舒服了。

The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.（重新确定主语）

其实，撇开数学，绕过那一大堆公式，一门学科的基本思想还是可以被我们理解和欣赏的。

To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline (of science) are understandable and appreciable.（增补主语）

They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.

无论是外人入境，或是文化入侵，政府都已无能为力。（重新确定主语，宾语变主语）

注：there be 句型：状语变主语

They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty.

从地雷禁用条款到京都防止气候变暖条约等一系列问题，美国政府总是对国际舆论置若罔闻，使得这些（倒戈）国家越来越失望/懊恼。

4) 谓语最小化原则

今年的亚太经济贸易合作组织会议将主要侧重两个方面：一是加强亚太经合组织成员之间的合作，共同应对可能出现的经济衰退，重树信心；二是继续推进亚太经合组织贸易投资自由化进程，推动世界贸易组织尽早开始新一轮谈判。

The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.

如何化解谓语：１、动词变为名词

　　　　　　　２、多使用介词短语:with; through

３、多使用分词短语

　　　　　　　４、多使用to do sth.目的状语

　　　　　　　５、最后一个谓语：使用“，which 引导的非限定性定语从句”

显然，许多美国的传统支持国家没有投票支持美国，以此对美国奉行单边主义表示不满。

Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism.

5) 动宾换序原则：

处理较长宾语的方法：

１、谓语变成能够直接接宾语的表达形式

The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.

在新千年，经济重心将向亚洲转移，中国将迅速崛起，世界其他地区将不得不对此做出反应。

２、先译宾语，再译主谓

The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.

研究生是否存在，大学是否存在资金偿还能力，这些都取决于项目预算。

6) 句群逻辑关系原则

六种重要的逻辑关系：

１、表原因关系，联结词：因为、所以、因此、由于

２、转折关系：虽然、但是、然而，不过

３、条件关系：如果、假如、只要……就，一旦

４、让步关系：尽管、就算……也、即使……也

５、时间先后关系：……之后，接着……

６、结果关系：从而、导致

经过二十多年的快速发展，中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善，为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。

Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.

The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China

中国将致力于建设国家创新体系，通过营造良好的环境，推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新，这是中国实现跨世纪发展的必由之路。

Through creating a favorable background, China will be devoted to building a national system for innovation to promote the innovation in knowledge, technology and system, which is the only path/indispensable/essential for China to achieve cross-century/trans-century/century-crossing/turn-of-the-century development.

7) 连接原则

不仅考虑逻辑关系，还要区分主谓语、次谓语

书无所不读，全无所惑，并不着急，教书做事，均甚认真，往往吃亏，也不后悔。

Not vexed by reading comprehensively though futilely, I deal seriously with teaching and handling affairs and have no regret for suffering losses.

中国加入世界贸易组织的谈判已经进行了15年了。中国的立场始终如一。

China has been engaged in the talks for entry into the WTO for 15 years with its consistent stance.

8) 减少of原则

经济全球化的深入发展提高了人民的生活水平。

The furthering economic globalization has improved people’s living standard.

中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。

A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.

我们之间关系的发展，使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。

Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.

楼的质量不好。

The building is not well built.

当of能够转化成’s的所属关系时

9) 名词词组与分句互译原则

They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent.

基金会提供了一种方式，可以让有钱人和大公司能实际支配花去税款的方式。

注：宾语中出现５ｗ１ｈ的从句，转化成名词词组

But the most skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid.

但新千年盖茨对此持怀疑态度，热衷于施舍和政府援助。

注：对于一般的形容词短语，可以转化简单主谓分句

The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.

研究生是否存在，大学是否存在资金偿还能力，这些都取决于项目预算。

注：of架构的名词词组，如果不表示所属关系，极可能变成“是否”从句

10) 妖词原则

From a small beginning at the turn of the century ……

本世纪初，基金会的数量并不多。　

Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.

亚洲国家的经济总量将超过其他国家地区的总和。

Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.

这些国家虽然呈现出欣欣向荣的态势，但其中还有许多处于极端贫穷的弱势人口，还有少部分人口极端富有。　

The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.

无论来自于政府或商界，项目资金的重要特点是其建立在契约上，即不同的项目可以争取相同的项目资金，因此调研人员要取得独立，就必须得到连续的研究项目。