虚拟条件句的正确用法

The Subjunctive Use with WISH, IF ONLY, I’D RATHER, SUPPOSE, etc.
导读：在使用虚拟条件从句时，请特别留意从句中时态的用法。

1)with WISH, IF ONLY and WOULD (or WOULD THAT), the past tense expresses present wishes and the past perfect expresses past wishes, e.g.
使用wish, only和would( would that)时，从句中用过去式表达现在的愿望，用过去完成式表达过去的愿望。例如：
John wishes that he had a car. (but he doesn’t )　他很希望有一辆车（现在他还没有）
Hob wished he had not cheated at the examination. (but he did and was severely punished)　Hob很希望他没有在考场作弊。（但他已经考试作弊了）
*需要注意的是，If only和Would (would that)在书面语中常用来替代wish。例如：
Ah, if only (=I wish) it had life and movement.

2) I’D/HE’D RATHER=I WOULD/HE WOUD RATHER (我宁愿/他宁愿)
① followed by a verb root, e.g.
后面紧跟动词原形，例如：
I’d rather stay at home on Sundays.　　我宁愿我周日都呆在家里。
② followed by a past tense clause showing a present wish and a past perfect tense clause expressing a past wish, e.g.
从句中用过去式来表达现在的愿望，用过去完成式来表达过去的愿望。
He’d rather his children did not make so much noise. (but they do)　　他希望他的孩子们不发出这么吵闹的声音。
I’d rather you had done it yesterday. (but you didn’t)　我希望你昨天就已经完成了。（但是你没有）
*需要注意的是，I’d/He’d rather+从句=I’d/He’d just as soon+从句，例如：
I’d just as soon (=I’d rather) you did not mention it to him now. (but you do)

3) AS IF and AS THOUGH are used in the same way
As if 和as though的用法相同
In unreal comparisons, we often use, after AS IF and AS THOUGH, the past tense to express a present meaning and the past perfect tense to express a past meaning, e.g.
在作虚拟比较时，我们常在as if 和as though之后用过去时态表达现在的意思，用过去完成时表达过去的意思。例如：
He often talks as if/as though he were my father. (but he is not)
他说起话来就像我的父亲一般。（但事实上他不是）
*需要注意的是，as if和as though 后面可以接陈述句语句，在look as if/though和seem as if/though的短语中比较常见。这个时候，从句中的动作很有可能发生或者所描述的被认为是真的。请比较下面两句句子：
He walks as if he is drunk. (=He is probably drunk.)　他走路的样子看上去他很可能已经醉了。
He walks as if he were drunk. (but he is not)　他走路的样子像是他喝醉了。（事实上他没有）

4)IT IS TIME+ PAST TIME CLAUSE expresses a present or future meaning, e.g.
It is time+过去式从句表达现在或者是将来。
It is time you went to bed. (It is time for you to go to bed.) 现在你该睡觉了。
It is high time you got married and settled down. 你确实该结婚成家了。（语气比较强烈）
It is about time you got up. 恐怕你该起床了吧。（语气较温和的表达）

5)SUPPOSE and SUPPOSING are the same, They are used with a similar meaning to “if”, e.g.
Suppose和supposing的用法相同，都表示“如果”的意思。例如：
Suppose (Supposing) he is absent, what shall we do?
Suppose (Supposing) he were absent, what should we do?