6 、具有文化特色的现代表述
大陆中国 Mainland China
红宝书 little red book
红色中国 socialist China
四化 Four Modernizations
终生职业 job-for-life
铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
大锅饭 communal pot
关系户 closely-related units
外出打工人员 migrant workers
关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals
四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
7、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)
宣纸 rice paper
衙门 yamen
叩头 kowtow
孔子Confucius
牌楼 pailou;pai-loo
武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)
功夫 kungfu ;kung fu
中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)
中和 harmony (zhonghe)
孝顺 to show filial obedience
孝子 dutiful son
家长 family head
三纲 君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife
五常 仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity
八股文 eight-legged essays
多子多福 The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
养儿防老 raising sons to support one in one's old age