Lesson 9 An exciting trip
令人激动的旅行

一、文章讲解：
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been therefor six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

1.I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
1）语法1: 同位语（相同位置的语言－名词之间）
例句：This is my brother, Peter. (brother = Peter) 这是我的哥哥，皮特。
例句：Peter, the president of Harvard University, is planning to visit Peking University next month. 皮特，哈佛大学的校长，计划下月来访问北京大学。（Peter = the president of Harvard University）
例句：The capital of China, Beijing, has more than 10 million people. 中国的首都，北京，有超过1000万人口。
2）语法2－时态：基本时间划分－过去，现在，将来。
现在：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成式；一般现在完成进行时；
现在完成时
（第一部分）定义：从过去某一个时间点开始，到现在“完成”的动作。
（第二部分）结构：
结构1：have/has + 动词过去分词 ＋for + 时间段
结构2：have/has +动词过去分词 ＋ since +过去时间点
备注：过去分词变化规则
1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1)直接＋ed;　work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)以”e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加”d”; live---lived---lived ,
(3)以”辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i", 再加”ed”。study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加”ed”。stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped—dropped
2、不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。例如; cut- cut- cut, hit-- hit-- hit.
例句：I have learned English for 10 years. 我学英语已经有10年了。
例句：I have learned English since 1996. 我自从1996年开始学英语。
（第三部分）特殊注意点：
如果完成时，后面加时间，但是谓语动词是短暂性动词。短暂性动词要做相应变化。
leave --- be away,
borrow --- keep,
buy --- have,
begin/start --- be on,
die --- be dead,
finish --- be over
join --- be on+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构,
open sth --- keep sth open,
fall ill --- be ill
get up---be up,
come here --- be here,
go there --- be there,
become --- be,
come back --- be back,
fall asleep --- be asleep
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)
leave --- be away from,
get to know --- know,
go (get) out →be out，
put on→ wear
catch a cold →have a cold
get married---be marrie
2.He is in Australia. He has been there for six months.
1)in + 国家
I have lived in China for more than 10 years. 我已经
Have gone to 去了某地还没回来
2)语法： have been there for + 一段时间
改：He has been there since 6 months ago.
例：I’m a teacher.
变：I have been a teacher for almost 10 years.
例：I work for IBM.
例：I have worked for IBM for 5 years.
3)发音：months
3.Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a
great number of different places in Australia.
1)（口语）介绍自己工作
What do you do (for a living)?
第一种回复：I work for + 公司名。I’m a + 职业。
第二种回复：I work for myself. 然后解释自己做什么。
I work for myself. I teach English on Wechat. (How does that work?)
2)时态：He is working for a big firm. 他现在在一家大公司上班。
复习：be + doing 表示现在正在进行。
例：You free to talk?
答：I’m working now. But I’ll call you back when I finish my class.
3)a great number of ＝ many 很多
例：Peter have been going on blind dates recently. He has seen a great number of girls already. But he’s still single now, because he has really high standards. 皮特最近一直相亲。他已经看了很多女孩了。但是现在还单身。因为他要求真的很好。
备注：go on a blind date 去相亲； have really high standards 标准很高；
4.He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small
town in the centre of Australia.
1)buy-bought-bought
2)have been to/have gone to
Peter has _____ to Shanghai. I’ll let him know when he comes back.
3)同位语
5.He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
1)时态：一般将来时（未来时间发生的动作）
结构：will + 动词原形； be going to + 动词原形
例：I will pick you up after work. 我下班之后去接你。
例：I will see you off tomorrow. 我明天给你送行。
例：I’m going to go shopping with my friend this afternoon. 我今天下午和朋友去购物。
例：I’m going to learn English well this year. 我今年打算把英语学好。
2) 完成式标志：否定词 ＋before 放在句子结尾
例: I’ve never been to Thailand before. 我以前从来没去过泰国。
例：I haven’t watched this film before. 我以前没看过这个电影。
例：I’ve never had such great time before. 我以前从没有这么开心过。
例：I’ve never met you before. 我以前没见过你啊。