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【Project in DRC Aims to Increase Fertilizer Use】
TEXT:This is the VOA Special English Agriculture report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语农业报道。
North Kivu is a war-torn province that used to be called the breadbasket of the Congo. Now, some farmers are being trained to increase the productivity of their land with fertilizer.
北基伍省曾是刚果的产量区，如今却备受战争摧残。现在一些农民正在接受培训，学习用肥料来增加土地产量。
The International Fertility Development Center is supporting the project. The IFDC is a nonprofit group based in the United States.
国际生产力发展中心正在支持这个项目，该组织是一家总部在美国的非盈利组织。
The project includes planting trees. Trees help prevent the loss of soil through erosion. They also provide charcoal for fuel. And they provide fertilizer in the form of leaves. These get plowed into the soil.
项目包括种植树木，树木可以阻止侵蚀而产生的土壤流失，提供燃烧用的木炭，还以树叶的形式提供肥料，可以把树叶犁入土壤。
Other farmers are experimenting with chemical fertilizer. The farmers use a mixture of chemical and organic fertilizer. They also use improved seed. They say they have succeeded in growing three or four times as much maize, rice, beans and potatoes.
其他农民用化学肥料做实验，农民们使用化肥和有机肥的混合物，还使用改良过的种子。 他们称成功地收获了三四倍的玉米、大米、大豆和土豆。
The fertilizer costs around a dollar and thirty cents a kilo. But workers from the IFDC say if it triples a yield of potatoes, for example, it means twice the profit.
这种肥料价值1.3美元每千克，但国际生产力发展中心的工人说如果土豆的产量能翻三倍，这就意味着收益增了两倍。
Farmer Adrien Kangele says the new methods promoted by the group could be a solution to ethnic conflicts in the Kivu region. Fertilizer brings peace, he says, because more people can earn a living from the soil in this densely populated area.
农民Adrien Kangele说，该组织推广的这种方法可以解决基伍地区的种族冲突。他说，肥料带来和平，因为更多人能在这个人口密集的地区谋得口粮。
One of the trainers, Sandra Kavira Kawisse, says fertilizer can even save marriages. She says in one area, many of the men had left their wives and gone to work in the mines. Then their wives started using fertilizer and their yields of rice tripled. The IFDC has found that when the men work with the women, the harvests are nine tons a hectare compared with six tons when the women work alone.
培训者Sandra Kavira Kawisse说，肥料甚至可以拯救婚姻。她说在一个地区，许多男人离开妻子去矿场工作，他们的妻子用了化肥后大米产量就翻了三倍。国际生产力发展中心发现，当男人和女人一起工作时，产量为每公顷9吨，而女人单独工作时，产量为每公顷6吨。
Dutch scientist Henk Breman designed the fertilizer project. He says the Democratic Republic of Congo uses less chemical fertilizer per hectare than any other country. Mr. Breman suggests two reasons. One is a lack of government policy. The other is the influence of donors and international nongovernmental organizations that were against more intensive ways of farming.
德国科学家Henk Breman设计了这个肥料项目，他说刚果民主共和国每公顷使用的肥料比其他国家都要少。Breman解释了两个原因，一是缺少政府政策，另一个是捐赠者和国际非政府组织的影响，他们反对更集约化的农作方式。
HENK BREMAN: "There has been a period of about twenty years where donor support was dominated by policies that looked for other ways of developing agriculture than the intensive way elsewhere. I really accuse the donors and the international NGOs for part of the famine in Africa."
HENK BREMAN: “大约20年来，捐赠支持主要是寻找发展农业的其他方式，而不是集约式的方法。我真要指责捐赠者和国际非政府组织，非洲的饥荒要部分归咎于他们。”
Edwige Mungwana Kavor is a local agronomist who works for Mercy Corps, an NGO. She says she is not against adding chemical fertilizer to organic matter. But she says land can become dependent on chemical fertilizers and no longer produce without them. Also, the chemicals can pollute groundwater.
Edwige Mungwana Kavor是就职于非政府的美慈组织的一位地方农学家，她说自己不反对向有机肥料中添加化学肥料。不过她说，土地可能会依赖化学肥料，没有肥料就没有产出。而且化肥会污染地下水。
Henk Breman agrees farmers should mix it with organic fertilizer. But he says there is a much bigger risk from soil erosion in the Kivu region.
Henk Breman认为农民应该将有机肥料结合起来用，不过他说，基伍地区的土壤流失风险更大。
HENK BREMAN: "The soil nutrient balance of this region is the most negative in the world."
Henk Breman认为农民应该将有机肥料结合起来用，不过他说，基伍地区的土壤流失风险更大。
Farmers groups have welcomed a promise by the DRC government to end taxes on fertilizers. Those taxes are some of the highest in central Africa.
农民组织欢迎刚果民主共和国终结肥料税收的承诺，这些税收在中非地区是最高的。
