句子:
Strange voices were heard whispering stranger names.
误译:
一些奇怪的声音被听到呼唤着更古怪的名字。
正译:
(能)听得见一些奇怪的声音低声呼唤一些更奇怪的名字。
翻译加油站:
不少人一见到英语被动语态的句子就译成“被”字句,翻译作品中大有“被”字泛滥成灾的趋势,不少人对此有反感。当然,话不能绝对,有时译文确实需要用“被”字句(包括“遭”、“受”、“挨”、“让”等意思类似的词),如:
He was called names gratuitously.
他无端受到辱骂。
I don’t like to be bossed by a fellow like him.
我不喜欢受他那种人差遣。
He was instructed to participate in the talks.
他奉命参加谈判。
但是“被”字往往带有贬义,说“他被批评了”没有问题,说“他被表扬了”,“他被选为班长”等,听上去总有点别扭。
除了“被字句”外,还有许多方法翻译英语的被动句,如可以译为主动句,有时候还可以将介词by引导的动作执行者作为句子的主语,如:
Planet wide changes in climate have been predicted by scientists but the cause have not been fully explained.
科学家们已经预见到全球气候变化,但对其原因尚未作出全面的解释。
有时候可以保留原来的主语,如:
The matter was never brought to the agenda again.
这件事再也没有提到议事日程上来。
汉语还有两个句型可以用以翻译英语的被动句,一是“使动句”,如:
The educational reform must be carried through to the end.
必须把教育改革进行到底。
Principles mean very little unless they are acted upon.
如果不加以实现,原则也就没有什么意义了。
二是“是”字句,如:
These sentences were copied from that book.
这些句子是从那本书上抄的。
History is made by the people.
历史是人民创造的。
很多时候也可以译为无主句(zero-subject sentence),如:
Mention should also be made of the role played by the full back, especially the left one.
也应该提一下后卫,尤其是左后卫起的作用。
如果将原文译成无主句,可能要好得多:(能)听得见一些奇怪的声音低声呼唤一些更奇怪的名字。