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Da Vinci-Observation
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To paint a character from the Bible, for an old man, a beggar, or a shepherd, he would go to the public square and the drinking dens, where he would be mostlikely to meet such persons. And he would draw a type or an animal from observation a hundred times before turning to his picture to fix it there for all time. He is said to have brought home peasants from the market and got them drunk in order to draw them. At the same time he was looking for laws; while studying the facial traits, he recorded the transitions in the closing and opening of the eyelid, the wrinkling of the nose, the pouting of the lips, in laughing, sneezing, yawning, cramps, perspiration, weariness, hunger-always he looked for the cause behind the expression which he was painting.
为了画好取自《圣经》的人物，老人、乞丐，或是牧羊人，达·芬奇总跑到那些公共广场和酒吧去。他在那里大概可以遇见这类人物。他总是把观察到的人物或动物画个上百次，才永久地固定在画布上。据说他为了画农民，曾把集市上的农民带到家里，让他们喝醉，再作画。同时，达·芬奇也在寻找规律。他在研究面部特征时，便记录眼睑开合、鼻子折皱、撅嘴、大笑、打喷嚏、打呵欠、痉挛、流汗、疲倦、饥饿等时候的过度变化——达·芬奇总是在探究被他描画的表情背后的原因。
