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After a month away from Facebook their detoxees felt happier than the control group, spent less time online, more time with family and friends and were less politically polarised.
远离Facebook一个月后，停用组感觉比对照组更快乐，上网时间更少，与家人和朋友在一起的时间更多，政治两极分化也更少。
(Again, they knew less about the news, and spent more time watching television alone.) The effects on well-being in both studies were modest.
（同样，他们对新闻了解较少，并且花更多时间独自看电视。）两项研究中对幸福感的影响部分都很有限。
"The really convincing causal evidence we have is quite limited," admits Matthew Gentzkow of Stanford University, one of the authors of the 2018 study.
2018年研究的作者之一、斯坦福大学的Matthew Gentzkow承认：“我们拥有的真正令人信服的因果证据非常有限。”
But, he argues, most points in the same direction as the circumstantial evidence around timing.
但他认为，大多数观点与有关时间的间接证据方向相同。
"If you put all that together, I think it's enough to say there is a substantial probability that these harms are large and real."
“如果你把所有这些放在一起，我认为这就足以说明这些危害很可能是巨大且真实的。”
Much remains uncertain. The best randomised experiments have been done on adults, who are not the main objects of concern.
还有很多不确定因素。最好的随机实验是在成年人身上进行的，他们不是主要关注对象。
Most studies focus on Facebook, which these days is a small part of teens' media diet.
大多数研究都集中在Facebook上，如今Facebook已成为青少年媒体饮食的一小部分。
And they are mostly in America, which is unlike the countries where most of the world's teenagers live.
受试对象大多在美国，这与世界上大多数青少年居住的国家不同。
A 72-country study last year by the Oxford Internet Institute found that Facebook adoption correlated with a small improvement in well-being among the young.
牛津互联网研究所去年对72个国家进行的一项研究发现，Facebook的使用与年轻人幸福感的小幅改善相关。
People's relationship with social media also defies categorisation.
人们与社交媒体的关系也无法分类。
The Mosquera experiment found that, although people said they were happier when they didn't use Facebook, they nonetheless valued its utility at $67 a week—and, after a week of abstinence, the detoxees valued it even more highly.
Mosquera的实验发现，尽管人们表示不使用Facebook时他们会更快乐，但他们仍然认为Facebook的效用相当于每周67美元，而且在停用一周后，停用组对其的评价更高。
Asking whether social media are good or bad for mental health is the wrong question, argues Pete Etchells of Bath Spa University, author of "Unlocked", a somewhat more upbeat book about screen time.
巴斯斯帕大学的皮特·埃切尔斯（Pete Etchells）认为，询问社交媒体对心理健康是好是坏是一个错误的问题，他是《解锁》一书的作者，对屏幕时间持积极态度。
Perhaps a better question, he says, is: "Why is it that some [children] really thrive online? And why is it the case that others…really struggle?"
他说，也许更好的问题是：“为什么有些孩子在网上茁壮成长？为什么其他人很挣扎？”
Unless that question is answered, banning phones or social media until a later age would simply delay the problem, he fears. It is also unclear what should be covered by such a ban.
他担心，除非这个问题得到解答，否则在以后的某个年龄之前禁止使用手机或社交媒体，只会推迟问题的解决。目前尚不清楚此类禁令应涵盖哪些内容。
Social media include everything from Facebook to the chat function in games like "Fortnite", points out Dr Etchells.
埃切尔斯博士指出，社交媒体包括从Facebook到《堡垒之夜》等游戏中的聊天功能等一切内容。
Dr Gentzkow, who supports a higher minimum age for some social media, warns against limiting all of it.
Gentzkow博士支持提高某些社交媒体的最低使用年龄，并警告不要限制所有年龄段。
"Actual communication with your friends"—by phone, text or video chat—"those may well be things we want to encourage more of," he says.
“与朋友进行实际交流”——通过电话、短信或视频聊天——“这些很可能是我们想要提倡的事情，”他说。
Most social apps offer a mixture of functions, which can be enjoyed or misused.
大多数社交应用程序都提供多种功能，用户可以享受这些功能，也可以滥用这些功能。
There are some signs that, while experts ponder how to rein in the worst of social media, ordinary users are working out how to do so themselves.
有一些迹象表明，虽然专家们在思考如何控制社交媒体的最坏情况，但普通用户正在自己研究如何做到这一点。
Posting about oneself in public is becoming less common: last year only 28% of Americans said they enjoyed documenting their life online, down from 40% in 2020, according to Gartner, a research firm.
在公共场合发布自己的信息变得越来越罕见：研究公司Gartner的数据显示，去年只有28%的美国人表示他们喜欢在网上记录生活，低于2020年的40%。
Messages are moving from open networks to private chats. On Instagram, more photos are now shared in direct messages than on the main feed, the company says.
消息正在从开放网络转移到私人聊天。该公司表示，在Instagram上，现在通过私信分享的照片比在主页中分享的照片还要多。
As middle-aged folk identify the problems with the social networks they grew up with, youngsters may already be moving on.
当中年人认识到伴随成长的社交网络存在问题时，年轻人可能已经开始前进了。
