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ADA TOLLA
阿达·托拉(Ada Tolla)，LOT-EK联合创始人
ON VELE DI SCAMPIA, NAPLES, ITALY
意大利那不勒斯的斯坎皮亚帆城
“If somebody put this complex in front of me right now without adding any context, any history, I would consider it a really strong piece of architecture. They are iconic buildings that embed the Modernist idea of the right to a home — a home for everyone. At the time it was conceived, the complex was very positive, optimistic and progressive. It embodies the idea of the megastructure as the mechanism that can solve the pressing problem of overpopulation and saturation of the city center. The urban planning for the development of the area also testifies to that optimism, with all the roads named after leftist, Socialist or Marxist Italian figures. The interior courtyard and shape of the sail combines the most humble and lively moment of Naples life — the vicolo (narrow street) — with the city’s opulent iconography of the water. But the complex was cursed. It wasn’t built as specified; value-engineering changed the structure and reduced the interior courtyards, therefore limiting the amount of light. None of the planned public spaces, amenities, schools or offices were ever constructed. The buildings were squatted even before completion. The Camorra installed gates and blocked the police from entering. For me it is important to recognize that the Vele is not a failure of the architecture, but rather a failure in execution and management. Demolition is often an attempt to sweep things under the carpet, and that doesn’t seem like the right way to learn from the past.”
“如果现在有人把这座建筑群摆在我面前，没有背景，没有历史，我会认为它是一个非常扎实的建筑项目。这些都是代表性的建筑，贯彻了居者有其屋的现代主义理念——一个为所有人准备的家。在最初构思的时候，这个群落是非常积极、乐观和先进的。它体现的观念是，巨型建筑这样的构造可以解决人口膨胀和市中心饱和所带来的紧迫问题。对这个区域的城市规划中也能体现这种乐观，所有的道路都是用意大利的左翼人士、社会主义或马克思主义者的名字命名的。内部的庭院和风帆造型将那不勒斯生活最鄙俗、鲜活的一面——vicolo（小巷）——和这座城市的丰饶海景结合了起来。但这座建筑群是受到诅咒的。它没能按照要求来建造；价值工程改变了构造，缩减了内部庭院，因此就限制了采光。规划中的公共空间、便利设施和学校、写字楼，一律没有建造。整个工程尚未完工就已被无家可归者私占。黑帮组织克莫拉(Camorra)给建筑群安装了大门，阻止警察入内。在我看来，应该认识到帆城不是一个建筑上的失败，而是执行和管理的失败。拆毁往往是为了把事情搪塞过去，似乎不是从过去吸取教训的好办法。”
