Studies have shown that children affected by maternal depression are more likely to face developmental challenges later in life, such as lower cohesion, warmth and expressiveness, and higher conflict, rigidity and affectionless control. So, what is a mother to do? According to science, we need to look to dad for some answers.
研究表明：受产妇抑郁影响的孩子更有可能在以后的生活中面临发育挑战，比如凝聚力低、不热情、表现力低、更容易和人发生冲突、刻板和无情控制。所以，母亲该做些什么呢？据科学表明，我们需要向父亲寻找答案。
Researchers at the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center at Bar-Ilan University in Israel published results of their a study exploring whether fathering helps moderate adverse effects of maternal depression on the family dynamic. Ruth Feldman, Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) and colleagues, from the university's department of of psychology, published their findings in Development and Psychopathology.
以色列巴兰伊兰大学多学科脑研究中心的研究人员发表了他们的研究成果，该研究探索了父亲是否能缓解母亲抑郁症对家庭生活的不利影响。该大学心理学系的露丝·费尔德曼、苏珊·龚达（Susan Gonda）和同事们在《发展与精神病理学》（Development and Psychopathology.）期刊上发表了他们的研究成果。
In a longitudinal analysis, the group looked at married or cohabiting mothers of young children who experiences chronic depression. They observed interactions among the couples and their child from the time the child was a year old until they turned 6. The observations noted interactions between the mother and child, the father and child. They also watched videotaped interactions of both parents together with their child.
在纵向分析中，研究团队研究了已婚或同居并有小孩的母亲，这些母亲长期抑郁。在孩子一至六岁期间，研究员们观察了夫妻和孩子之间的互动。观察并注意了母亲和孩子以及父亲和孩子间的互动。他们还看了录像，观察父母与孩子在一起时的互动。
The findings showed that depressed mothers exhibited low sensitivity and high intrusiveness. Simply put, they frequently took over simple tasks that a child could do on their own, thus damaging their emotional and social development.
研究结果表明患抑郁症的母亲会表现出低敏感性和高侵入性。简单而言，她们经常会抢过孩子可以独立完成的事情，因此有损他们的情感和社交发展。
To counteract mom's influence, the children of depressed moms lower social engagement during mother-child interactions. To make matters worse, partners also exhibited sensitivity, high intrusiveness and provided minimal opportunities for child social engagement. Though this parenting style isn't doing any favors for family unit, it doesn't mean that children exposed to maternal depression are doomed from the get-go.
为了抵制母亲的影响，患有抑郁症母亲的孩子会在母子互动中降低社会参与度。更糟糕的是，母亲还会表现得特别敏感、容易干预，为孩子的社会参与提供最小的机会。虽然这种育儿方式并不会给家庭带来好处，但这并不意味着患有抑郁症母亲的孩子从一开就注定失败。
Despite conflicting results, not all partners of maternally depressed women showed signs of distress. Those (fathers) who were sensitive, nonintrusive, and engaged children socially inadvertently acted as a shield for their child.
尽管结果相互冲突，但并非所有患有抑郁症母亲的另一半都会表现出痛苦的迹象。那些敏感、没有侵入性并让孩子参与社交活动的父亲在无形中成为了孩子的后盾。
Where's the unicorn? This is Magical!
独角兽在哪？真的是太神奇了！
"When fathers rise to the challenge of co-parenting with a chronically depressed mother, and form a sensitive, nonintrusive, and reciprocal relationship with the child that fosters his/her social involvement and participation," says Feldman, "fathering can buffer the spillover from maternal depression to the family atmosphere."
"当母亲长期抑郁，父亲接受共同抚养的挑战时，父亲就会与他们的孩子形成敏感、非侵入性和互惠的关系，能促进孩子参与社会，"费尔德曼说道，"父亲可以缓解母亲抑郁给家庭氛围带来的不良影响。"
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